The focus of this study is to examine the relationship between project risk mitigation and project execution in the Nigeria oil and gas industry. Specifically, the study examines the extent of contribution of project risk mitigation in realising project budget, quality, schedule and scope during execution. In pursuant of these objectives, survey research design was used. 102 questionnaires were administered to the Managing Directors or Chief Operating Officers and project or operations managers of the selected companies. Eighty two questionnaires were validly retrieved and used for data analysis. Data obtained were analysed mean and Spearman’s rank order correlation analysis. The study found that projects risk mitigation was significantly and positively related to project execution in terms of budget, quality, schedule and scope. The study therefore recommends that there should be a holistic integration and constant improvement of project risk mitigation strategies which will help improve the quality of projects executed in the Nigerian oil and gas industry.

<p>This study sought to examine the relationship between project risk avoidance and project execution in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between project risk avoidance and four components of project execution (budget, quality, schedule and scope) among 51 oil and gas companies operating in Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve this objective, 102 managing executives were given questionnaires, with 82 questionnaires correctly filled and returned. Data obtained were analysed using mean scores and Spearman’s rank order correlation analysis. The study found that projects risk avoidance was positively and significantly related to all four components of project execution. The main implication of this finding is that oil and gas companies need to invest heavily in innovative technologies and processes that will enhance their ability to avoid risk, thus improving the quality of projects they execute.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstrak dalam Bahasa Indonesia.</strong>Studi ini berusaha untuk menguji hubungan antara proyek penghindaran risiko dan eksekusi proyek di industri minyak dan gas Nigeria. Secara spesifik, studi tersebut meneliti hubungan antara proyek penghindaran risiko dan empat komponen eksekusi proyek (anggaran, kualitas, jadwal dan ruang lingkup) di antara 51 perusahaan minyak dan gas yang beroperasi di Negara Bagian Rivers, Nigeria. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, 102 eksekutif pelaksana diberikan kuesioner, dengan 82 kuesioner diisi dan dikembalikan dengan benar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan skor rata-rata dan analisis korelasi urutan peringkat Spearman. Studi tersebut menemukan bahwa penghindaran risiko proyek berhubungan positif dan signifikan dengan keempat komponen pelaksanaan proyek. Implikasi utama dari temuan ini adalah bahwa perusahaan minyak dan gas perlu berinvestasi besar-besaran dalam teknologi dan proses inovatif yang akan meningkatkan kemampuan mereka untuk menghindari risiko, sehingga meningkatkan kualitas proyek yang mereka jalankan.</em></p>

The objective of this study was to conduct a critical review of entrepreneurship in a global / international context and to determine, based on empirical literature reviews whether it has been an effective tool for economic growth. The study adopted the Systematic Quantitative Assessment Technique (SQAT) in identifying and reviewing peer reviewed journal articles, conference papers and book chapters published between the period 2009-2019 which had empirically examined the link between entrepreneurship on a global basis and economic growth. The study was categorized into three (3) geographical groups based on national income levels – low income, medium income and high income countries which also correspond with their respective levels of economic development. Based on the evidence and review thereon conducted by this study, it was concluded that global entrepreneurship has been an effective tool for economic growth and that the degree of effectiveness increases with national income levels or degree of economic development.