Patient: Female, 20 Final Diagnosis: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Symptoms: Anemia • fatigue • weakness Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Rheumatology Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by multiorgan involvement and presence of autoantibodies. SLE has a broad range of presentations and manifestations, and as such, its course and organ involvement are unpredictable. The disease results from the interaction of genes, environment, and random effects combining to lead to a loss of tolerance to self-antigens and active autoimmunity. Autoimmune myelofibrosis is a type of non-malignant bone marrow fibrosis that occurs in the presence of systemic autoimmune disease. Cytopenias such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocyotopenia are common manifestations of SLE; however, myelofibrosis is a less common and far less recognized complication of SLE. Case Report: We report a case of a young African American female who presented with severe anemia and leukopenia, subsequently diagnosed with myelofibrosis and then eventually SLE. The identification of myelofibrosis in SLE is critical as it can be a devastating condition when untreated. Fortunately, autoimmune myelofibrosis in SLE is reversible with treatment of the underlying condition. Conclusions: Autoimmune myelofibrosis is a rare complication of SLE. Autoimmune myelofibrosis could be the first and only presenting feature of SLE. It is sensible to recognize this relationship, as prompt diagnosis and treatment is crucial. Corticosteroids have been shown to be useful in treating both SLE and the associated autoimmune myelofibrosis.

Patient: Female, 61 Final Diagnosis: Pericardial effusion secondary to CLL Symptoms: Shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is a low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is the solid tumor equivalent of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that is found in the peripheral blood. SLL typically presents with lymphadenopathy and is rarely associated with cardiac involvement. This report is of a case of lymphomatous pericardial effusion in a 61-year-old woman who presented with dyspnea. Case Report: A 61-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a three-month history of worsening shortness of breath on exertion. Her symptoms progressed to shortness of breath at rest, with night sweats and chills. She had no weight loss. She was found to have a pericardial effusion, and an urgent pericardiocentesis was performed to prevent cardiac tamponade. Analysis of the pericardial fluid was consistent with a diagnosis of SLL. A bone marrow biopsy and a biopsy of a renal mass were consistent with a diagnosis of SLL. She was treated with rituximab and bendamustine with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) support and was discharged home. Conclusions: A case is presented of a rare association between SLL and pericardial effusion with a favorable outcome following urgent pericardiocentesis to prevent cardiac tamponade followed by chemotherapy.

The number of cited authors per publication has increased substantially over time in the field of medicine.1,2 This trend of “authorship inflation” has been observed in high-impact medical journals1 and multiple medical subspecialties,2 but to our knowledge has yet to be assessed in the field of rheumatology.

Objective Geographic disparities in the distribution and practice patterns of rheumatology providers may negatively impact patients with rheumatic diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of rheumatologists with respect to the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and to identify differences in practice patterns among Medicare Part D rheumatologist prescribers. Methods We identified 5,882 rheumatologists who served a mean ± SD of 280 ± 208 Medicare Part D beneficiaries per year. In a Poisson regression model of the number of rheumatologists and the ADI of their practice location, for every increase of 10 on the ADI scale (range 0–100; higher = higher deprivation), there were 20.3% fewer rheumatologists (P < 0.001), resulting in 2.1 times as many rheumatologists per 100,000 people in the first ADI quintile when compared to the fifth ADI quintile. Results The number of rheumatologists peaked in 2016 and decreased steadily thereafter across all quintiles. The prescribing rate per 100 beneficiaries was significantly different between quintiles across all studied drug classes except for opioids, but the trends were inconsistent and of unclear clinical significance. Conclusion Rheumatologists tended to practice in areas with less deprivation, resulting in twice as many rheumatologists per 100,000 people in the quintile of lowest deprivation as opposed to the quintile with the highest deprivation. Public policy makers should be aware of these data and take steps to mitigate disparities in access to care as the rheumatology workforce shrinks.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), previously referred to as temporal arteritis, continues to pose significant diagnostic challenges to clinicians as it could have unusual and atypical presentations. We present the case of a 69-year-old Caucasian male who had presented with painful scrotal swelling and bilateral arm pain and was eventually diagnosed with GCA based on histological findings. His symptoms resolved completely with the initiation of high-dose steroids. It is important to note that some clinical manifestations of GCA could be subtle, atypical, and maybe entirely extracranial. A high index of suspicion is helpful when diagnosing patients who present with non-specific or constitutional symptoms as delay in diagnosis or treatment in these patients could result in severe adverse outcomes.