With the aim to win support for its political project, Basque nationalism has traditionally sought to get an increasingly larger number of people to share a national identity. However, in the twenty first century, we can appreciate another discourse, which goes beyond national sentiment, and includes aspects that are more related to social and personal wellbeing. This second discourse has given rise to a new attitude to the independence of the Basque Country, which can now be shared by people who are not necessarily Basque nationalists, but are, on the other hand, interested in a project for a state as it could afford them personal benefits. This study explores how both discourses are spread and whether there has been a perceptible change in the attitude to independence in non-Basque nationalist sectors.

ABSTRACT. Immigration from the different regions in Spain to the Basque Country has traditionally opposed Basque and Spanish nationalism. This article provides an overview of the discourse of both nationalist traditions with respect to the intraregional migration movement of the second half of the twentieth century as well as of the resulting controversy. Whereas the Basque nationalist movement claims to have defended the need to integrate immigrants since the middle of the twentieth century, particularly through politics, Spanish nationalism claims that Basque nationalism has helped marginalise these same immigrants. A qualitative analysis is used to contrast this controversy by consulting the opinion of the Spanish immigrants who settled in the Basque Country and did not avail of the political integration proposed by Basque nationalism. The main conclusion is that these immigrants tend to avoid the heart of the matter of discord between both nationalist traditions, granting little importance to political and cultural elements though stressing their social integration in the Basque Country.KEYWORDS: Basque nationalism, immigration, migrants' integration, Spanish nationalism, the Basque Country With the complex relationship existing between nationalism and migration movements as the backdrop, this article focuses more specifically on the problematic relationship between two nationalist traditions with regard to a migration movement. It tackles the controversy surrounding sub-state Basque nationalism and Spanish nationalism on the integration of Spanish migrants to the Basque Country.1 This relation between nationalism and migration is analysed in a specific migratory movement, namely, that from Spain to the Julen Zabalo (julen.zabalo@ehu.es) and Txoli Mateos (txoli.mateos@ehu.es) are lecturers and Iker Iraola (iker.iraola@ehu.es) is a temporary lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Social

The reproduction of gender order in young people's learning of counter-hegemonic contentious activism may seem a contradiction in a political field seeking to transform the social order and help empower its activists. A qualitative study carried out on young activists in the sphere of leftist Basque nationalism in the aftermath of ETA's armed activity revealed that the repertoires and forms of action of contentious politics foment activist ideals associated with hegemonic masculinity and mean that the women participating tend to occupy a subordinate position. In the tension between the political forces keen on change and those favouring continuance, we studied the factors which could help women activists build dissident collective agencies, particularly, feminist agencies.

Herritartasuna, izatez, kontzeptu aldakor eta eztabaidatua da. Hego Euskal Herriko gizarte-mugimenduek herritartasunaz garatzen duten diskurtsoa aztertzea da artikulu honen helburua. Ikuspegi kualitatibo batetik, feminismoan, euskalgintzan, migrazioen mugimenduan edota sozioekologian aritzen diren kideen iritziak aztertuz, mahaigaineratzen den ondorio nagusia da gizarte-mugimenduek herritartasun subjektiboa eta kolektiboa lehenesten dutela. Euskal Herriaren kasuan, afera horri herritartasunaren eta naziotasunaren arteko hartu-eman konplexua ere gehitzen zaio: Estatu-mailako euskal herritartasun objektibo ofizialik ez da existitzen, eta horrek herritartasunari buruzko eztabaida areagotzen du.

As has occurred with all political activism, contentious counter-hegemonic activism has found a new space for political action on the internet. The massive expansion of digital space in recent years has increased the socializing importance of the field of communications, especially among young people. However, it is not known to what extent the use of internet-based tools has spread in the contemporary protest repertoires of young Basque activists. Based on qualitative research carried out with young pro-independence nationalist activists in the Basque Country in the period following the end of ETA’s armed activity, the main objective of this article is to analyse the scope and limits of digital activism from the point of view of these new political subjects. The principal finding is that activists construct hybrid communication systems, in which physical and virtual spaces are combined, and where their inheritance of a community-based counter-hegemonic political activism and experimentation with new forms have come together.