JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Clark University is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Economic Geography.Abstract: Many sub-Saharan countries have experienced slow economic growth in the past three decades, some having endured several consecutive years of serious economic malaise. This dismal situation has often been associated with the debt problem (sometimes seen as a cause and sometimes as an effect). Socioeconomic reform since the late 1970s, and especially during the 1980s, has centered on debt-alleviating strategies formulated and implemented primarily under the auspices and supervision of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. This study approaches the issues of debt and socioeconomic reform in two ways: first, as an assessment of the relative performance of strong and weak reform countries during the 1980s; and, using this as a background, by reform to the process of structural transformation that occurs under the impetus of domestic and international market forces.

This study examines the dynamics of female African immigration and settlement in the United States and discusses the research and policy implications for these processes. It highlights a significant surge in female immigration from African than non-African countries in recent years. This surge is driven by female immigration from Africa’s countries most populous countries, from countries affected by civil conflicts, and from English-speaking countries in the region. African women are also more likely to arrive as unmarried single than other female immigrants. In addition, they had the highest prevalence of Bachelors, Masters, or Doctorate degrees among women in the US. African females were also about twice more likely to be enrolled in US Educational institutions compared to other women. Those in the labor force were more likely to work as nursing professionals than in technical occupational groups such as engineering and computing. The study concludes by discussing the research and policy implications of these findings for countries in the developing world.

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