Abstract. Location modeling, which generally has influence on location-aware applications, is a critical and interesting aspect. In the ubiquitous computing, location modeling has been discussed as one of fundamental research subject, because a location is a very essential element of contexts and useful information for other applications related with ubiquitous computing. Especially, location modeling in architectural space should be defined through the comprehension of the physical environment, because the users' (or objects) location does not only mean numerical coordinates, but also refers to the situation related to users' (or objects) physical contexts. In other hands, location model for architectural space should be based on the simplification of complicated physical environment, the consideration of corresponding various changes, and also the definition for the relationship of spatial information. Traditionally, those issues have been actively studied in the fields of CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) research and could used effectively for ubiquitous computing system. This paper proposes the location model and its utilization method which can be applied on making the ubiquitous computing system in the architectural space based on CAAD theories. At the end of the paper, we present a CAAD system, called "Vitruius", in order to define architectural spaces appropriately and manage them easily for the ubiquitous computing environment.

Purpose: We explored the prevalence of psychological distresses associated with Covid-19 and its correlates in elderly people. Methods: We utilized survey data that screened psychological distresses associated with Covid-19 in 1,485 elderly people aged 60 or more. The survey was conducted by a trained interviewer who visited the participants. The assessment comprised demographic variables and the six items on psychological distress associated with Covid-19 including stress from work, financial issues, stress from home, fear, apprehension, and helplessness due to Covid-19. Each item was rated on a 5-point scale (much increased, increased, same as before, decreased, and much decreased). Results: The proportion of participants who responded “increased” or “much increased” were high as 6.5% (N = 245) for work, 26.8% (N = 398) for money, and 30.2% (N = 449) for home, 68.8% (N = 1,023) for fear, 76.0% (N = 1,128) for apprehension, and 61.9% (N = 920) for helplessness due to Covid-19. Younger age and, having a current job were significantly associated with higher distress regarding work and financial issues. Low household income was also significantly associated with higher distress regarding financial issues. Low education level and having family members living together were associated with increased psychological distress relating to fear, apprehension, and helplessness due to Covid-19. Conclusion: Our findings correlating psychological distress associated with Covid-19 provides information for implementing an efficient strategy to improve public mental health in elderly people during the Covid-19 pandemic. Future studies utilizing validated assessment tools are needed to confirm these findings.

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Microsatellite-unstable (MSI) cancers have distinct genetic and clinical features from microsatellite-stable cancers, but the molecular functional differences between MSI cancers originating from different tissues or organs have not been well studied because the application of usual differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis is error-prone, producing too many noncancer-specific normally functioning genes. To maximize therapeutic efficacy, biomarkers reflecting cancer-specific differences between MSI cancers of different tissue origins should be identified. To identify functional differences between MSI colon and endometrial cancers, we combined DEG analysis and biclustering instead of DEG analysis alone and refined functionally relevant biclusters reflecting genuine functional differences between the 2 tumors. Specifically, using The Cancer Genome Atlas and genome-tissue expression as data sources, gene ontology (GO) enrichment tests were performed after routinely identifying DEGs between the 2 tumors with the exclusion of DEGs identified in their normal counterparts. Cancer-specific biclusters and associated enriched GO terms were obtained by biclustering with enrichment tests for the preferences for cancer type (either colon or endometrium) and GO enrichment tests for each cancer-specific bicluster, respectively. A novel childness score was developed to select functionally relevant biclusters among cancer-specific biclusters based on the extent to which the enriched GO terms of the biclusters tended to be child terms of the enriched GO terms in DEGs. The selected biclusters were tested using survival analysis to validate their clinical significance. We performed multiple sequential analyses to produce functionally relevant biclusters from the RNA sequencing data of MSI colon and endometrial cancer samples and their normal counterparts. We identified 3066 cancer-specific DEGs. Biclustering analysis revealed 153 biclusters and 41 cancer-specific biclusters were selected using Fisher exact test. A mean childness score over 0.6 was applied as the threshold and yielded 8 functionally relevant biclusters from cancer-specific biclusters. Functional differences appear to include gland cavitation and the TGF-β receptor, G protein, and cytokine pathways. In the survival analysis, 6 of the 8 functionally relevant biclusters were statistically significant. By attenuating noise and applying a synergistic contribution of DEG results, we refined candidate biomarkers to complement tissue-specific features of MSI tumors.