Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods and common chemometric techniques [including discriminant analysis (DA), Mahalanobis distances, and Cooman plots] were used to classify various types of dietary supplement oils (DSO) and less expensive, common food oils. Rapid FT-IR methods were then developed to detect adulteration of DSO with select common food oils. Spectra of 14 types of DSO and 5 types of common food oils were collected with an FT-IR equipped with a ZnSe attenuated total reflectance cell and a mercury cadmium telluride A detector. Classification of DSO and some common food oils was achieved successfully using FT-IR and chemometrics. Select DSO were adulterated (2-20% v/v) with the common food oils that had the closest Mahalanobis distance to them in a Cooman plot based on the DA analysis, and data were also analyzed using a partial least-squares (PLS) method. The detection limit for the adulteration of DSO was 2% v/v. Standard curves to determine the adulterant concentration in DSO were also obtained using PLS with correlation coefficients of >0.9. The approach of using FT-IR in combination with chemometric analyses was successful in classifying oils and detecting adulteration of DSO.

Long duration space missions may include dwarf wheat cultivars to meet closed-loop food system constraints. Composition and functional properties of dwarf wheats (Apogee, Perigee) were characterized and compared to terrestrial cultivars (Parshall, Yecora Rojo, Yavaros 79). Proximate composition was determined using standard methods, and functional attributes were evaluated by mixograph and pasting profiles. Additional analyses measured antioxidant capacity, protein profiles, non-protein nitrogen, lipid oxidation, and starch damage. Apogee and Perigee were compositionally and functionally different from traditional cultivars, having higher protein (18-20%), ash (2-2.4%), and antioxidant (Perigee had 23.7 µmol Trolox equivalent/g), and lipid oxidation levels but lower protein quality indicators. There was significant correlation (R 2 = 0.84) between ash content and lipid oxidation. Apogee is a better candidate crop than Perigee for a self sustaining environment, but both dwarf varieties could be used for tailored food applications.

Apogee and Perigee super-dwarf wheat cultivars were developed to maximize seed production and minimize biomass waste. In this study, the composition and functional properties of these super-dwarf wheats were characterized and compared to three common terrestrial wheat cultivars: Parshall, Yecora Rojo, and Yavaros 79. The effects of environment (fi eld vs. hydroponic) were also determined. Proximate composition was determined using Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods, and functional attributes were evaluated by mixograph analyses and pasting profi les. Additional analyses determined: antioxidant capacity, protein profi le, non-protein nitrogen, lipid oxidation, and starch damage. Apogee and Perigee were compositionally and functionally different from the terrestrial cultivars and from each other, and growth conditions had a signifi cant impact on properties. Based on the nutrient profi les and functional traits evaluated, Apogee is a more suitable candidate wheat crop than Perigee for a NASA advanced food system.

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