INTRODUCTIONIt is showed that, insulin resistance is responsible in developing polycystic ovaries in PCOS women though obesity is said to be the major cause.1 Hence pathogenic determinants of PCOS include insulin resistance and obesity. Therefore, women with PCOS had an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. The sequel of PCOS reach beyond reproductive health, as women affected with PCOS at long-term are at increased risk of adverse lipid profiles, type II diabetes and hypertension, as well as cardiovascular or cerebrovascular morbidity.1 Vitamin D deficiency might be a causal factor in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in ABSTRACT Background: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest human endocrinopathies and is increasingly recognized as a variant of the metabolic syndrome in women with the characteristic features of insulin resistance, central obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Methods: This study is mainly focused on study of parameters like gonadotropin hormonal profile, serum vitamin D and calcium levels in polycystic ovary disease (PCOD). The study comprised 45 clinically proven polycystic ovary disease patients in the age range of 19-34 years. The biochemical estimations carried out in the study were -Fasting Blood sugar, LH, FSH, prolactin, 25-OH vitamin D and calcium along with anthropometric data. The values obtained were compared with age matched equal number of healthy control female subjects from the same population. Results: The serum concentration of calcium and vitamin D levels are decreased significantly (P <0.001) when compared to controls. Insulin resistance is predominantly seen in PCOS subjects. The study outlines the importance of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, decreased serum calcium and vitamin D levels in PCOS subjects may be a cause for the progression of polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusions: In the present study vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in PCOS women from this area compared to control women. We also relations of vitamin D status with insulin sensitivity, HDL-C, and C-reactive protein in PCOS patients, which support the increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with multiple metabolic risk factors in PCOS women. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and low calcium levels were observed in PCOS women from our population when compared to controls. Insulin resistance was predominantly seen in PCOS subjects when compared with controls, indicating the association of vitamin D levels with insulin resistance.