A bacteriophage lytic for Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from bovine manure. Following in-vivo selection, the phage acquired the capacity to persist in the circulatory system of mice for at least 38 days. When mice were infected experimentally with E. coli O157:H7 (10(7) CFU/mouse), simultaneous injection of the mice with phage (10(8) PFU/mouse) cleared E. coli O157:H7 from the mice within 48 h.

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Antimicrobial peptides and proteins are being studied with increasing interest because of their broad range antimicrobial activity. Among plant antimicrobial proteins, the wheat seed polypeptides, puroindoline a and puroindoline b, are particularly interesting because of their established antibacterial activity. In this paper we describe different strategies used to clone His tagged and GST tagged puroindolines obtaining 1.5 mg recombinant protein from 1 l culture. The antimicrobial activity of recombinant and native puroindolines was comparable.

Background: Celiac disease is a widely prevalent enteropathy caused by intolerance to gliadin, one of the gluten proteins. We developed two methods for the analysis of gliadin levels. Both methods use flow cytometry and rat antibodies against a 16-residue peptide of gliadin. The peptide is common to the ␣-, ␤-, ␥-, and -gliadins. Methods: In the one-site assay, the antigen (gliadin standard or food extract) was adsorbed on 3-m latex particles. Sensitized particles were then incubated, in this order, with rat anti-gliadin peptide antibodies and anti-rat immunoglobulin G antibodies labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. In the two-site assay, the antigen was trapped on the latex particles by rat anti-gliadin antibodies and then measured by the same antibodies labeled with fluorescein.

The old Annurca apple cultivar (Malus domestica), particularly appreciated for its peculiar flavor and crispy flesh, was studied in order to preserve its ancient germplasm. Twelve clones of Annurca were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two out of 30 RAPD primers and nine out of ten SSR primers were able to discriminate all the clones analyzed. Data were confirmed by measuring DNA content using flow cytometry. The results provide a good procedure to improve germplasm field management, in order to removing redundant material in the Annurca collection. This represents an efficient way to create a data bank in order to preserve the genetic variability of the Annurca cultivar.