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Two new Archilopsis species are described: Archilopsis martfiga sp.n. and Archilopsis arenaria sp.n. ; Archilopsis unipunctata (Fabricius, 1826) and Archilopsis spinosa (Jensen, 1878) are redescribed. The latter taxon is re-established. The descriptions are based on morphological and karyological data. The four species of the genus can unequivocally be recognized by the morphology of the cirrus and the presence or absence of a stylet. The genus Archilopsis is regarded as a monophyletic group with at least two autapomorphies. The relationship between the four species is discussed and a cladogram for the genus proposed. The existence of two sistertaxa (each with two species) is recognized.

Ten species of the Monocelidinae have been examined. All were found to be regularly diploid. Four of them show the chromosome number n---3 and remarkably similar karyotypes (one pair of large metacentrics, one pair of medium sized metacentrics and one pair of small heterobrachial chromosomes). This set is considered as basic (plesiomorphic) for the family Monocelididae. Three species present n = 4 and three species n = 5, with an increase of heterobrachial chromosomes. Based on karyometrical data, it is suggested that these complements are derived from the basic complement through fission of one or both metacentric chromosomes, respectively. Further minor chromosome rearrangements, involving centromere position, were observed.

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