Summary Climate change is observed globally, and the projections predict that the change will continue in the future for quite a long time. The mitigation and adaptation to climate change, however, are offering tremendous business opportunities around the world, especially for businesses operating in the agri‐food, energy, finance, and health sectors, water infrastructure, built environments, and other relevant services. When the severity of heat waves is considered, for instance, it would become quite clear that the demand for cooling would accelerate, putting further stress on energy supply and increasing the risk of electricity black outs. Similarly, the projections also provide warnings about increased drought risk in many regions around the globe, and even worse, it should also be emphasized that 60% more food will be needed globally, while 100% more demand for food is projected in developing countries by the year 2050. While all these are being projected, we are experiencing progressively increasing stress on our global freshwater resources, which are worsened further by climate change‐driven impacts and water pollution. Consequently, reducing agri‐food production systems' susceptibility to climate change and strengthening the resilience of such systems are extremely important to sustain and improve the livelihoods of billions of people around the globe. Moreover, reducing emissions due to fossil fuels consumption and production is vital for the whole global population, and agri‐food and energy sectors have tremendous potentials for reducing inefficiencies and emissions while simultaneously playing their crucial roles in food and energy security as well as poverty reduction. Both of these sectors are facing significant climate change‐driven challenges, which provide ample opportunities for cutting‐edge novel knowledge and innovative products, processes, services, and policies. And due to the reciprocal relationships between climate change and agri‐food and energy innovations, in return, complementing the other forms, such innovations will speed up the climate change mitigation and adaptation processes.

SummaryThe degree-day method is commonly used to estimate energy consumption for heating and cooling in residential, commercial and industrial buildings, as well as in green houses, livestock facilities, storage facilities and ware houses. This article presents monthly and yearly averages and spatial distributions of heating, cooling, and industrial degree-days at the base temperatures of 18 � C and 20 � C, 18 � C and 24 � C, and 7 � C and 13 � C, respectively; as well as the corresponding number of days in Turkey. The find ings presented here will facilitate the estimation of heating and cooling energy consumption for any residential, com mercial and industrial buildings in Turkey, for any period of time (monthly, seasonal, etc.). From this analysis it will also be possible to compare and design alternative building systems in terms of energy efficiencies. If one prefers to use set point temperatures to indicate the re sumption of the heating season would also be possible using the provided information in this article. In addition, utility companies and manufacturing=marketing compa nies of HVAC systems would be able to easily determine the demand, marketing strategies and policies based on the findings in this study.

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The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a dynamic simulation model to be employed in accurate prediction of microclimate in a greenhouse as a function of dynamic environmental factors. The model has options to evaluate the effects of location, time of the year, orientation, single and double polyethylene glazings, conventional and heat pump heating and cooling systems, open and confined greenhouse systems, CO 2 enrichment, variable shading, and the use of night curtains. Conventional gas furnace and evaporative cooling, respectively, provided heating and cooling in the conventional system. In the heat pump systems, gas-fired heat pump units provided both heating and cooling. The heat pump systems were operated both as an open and a completely confined system. Outputs of the simula tion model included both temporal and vertical distribution of air, leaf, floor and cover temperatures, CO 2 , relative humidity, solar radiation, and photosynthetically active radiation in addition to the dynamics of photosynthesis, respiration, transpira tion, energy and CO 2 use and fixation. Comparison of experimental and predicted results showed that the compared microclimatological parameters were in fairly good agreement. The greenhouse model developed in this study is useful for ecologists, plant scientists, and engineers to evaluate individual or combined effects of various forcing functions on the enclosed environment and plant responses; and to develop control strategies for different parameters. INTRODUCTIONAccurate prediction models for greenhouse and plant growth performance can be used as a design tool and in economic feasibility analyses as well. A dynamic analysis is required for more accurate prediction and control of greenhouse thermal environments. In addition to experimental tests, efforts have been made to predict the greenhouse environment under both steady state and transient conditions. Some reported work on greenhouse models and thermal performance tests include the work of Chandra et al. (1981), Glaub and Trezek (1981), Kindelan (1980), Navas et al. (1998), Pita andVargues (1998), andRijsdijk and Hauter (1993). The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a dynamic simulation model to be employed in accurate prediction of greenhouse energy and moisture exchanges as a function of dynamic environmental factors such as solar energy, outside temperatures and moisture levels, plant moisture and energy exchanges and heat removal or storage. This article deals with the model development, validation and preliminary simulation results.

Summary Extensive amounts of organic and inorganic substances are discharged into the environment, and they have been ascribed to a number of anthropogenic activities including agriculture, industry, and domestic processes. Microalgae, as a promising alternative feedstock for bioenergy production, have advantages in the uptake of nutrients from wastewater for biomass production. This study assessed the feasibility of mass cultivation of microalgae in controlled environment tertiary treated municipal wastewater. Dunaliella salina (D salina) was selected for its high beta carotene generation capacity and being a halophilic species to protect our freshwater resources further in wastewater remediation. Nutrient analyses indicated that D salina can significantly remove nitrate, ammonia, and phosphorus from municipal wastewater in the range of 45% to 88%. Among all combinations studied, the optimal algal growth was observed at 30 ppt salinity level, with a 75% wastewater concentration (3:1 ratio of wastewater and saline water mixture—the growth medium). The findings concluded that D salina has great capacity for nutrient uptake while providing high‐value bioproducts. It can therefore be recommended as a potential candidate species that could be used in wastewater treatment systems coupled with high‐value bioproducts production.