Higher concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in animal barns can negatively affect production and health of animals and workers. This paper focuses on measurements of summer concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a naturally ventilated laying henhouse located at an egg production facility in Bursa region, western Turkey. Also, indoor and ambient environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity were measured simultaneously with pollutant gas concentrations. The average NH3 concentrations during summer of 2013 was 8.05 ppm for exhaust and 5.42 ppm for inlet while average CO2 concentration was 732 ppm for exhaust and 625 ppm for inlet throughout summer. The overall minimum, average and maximum values and humidity were obtained as 16.8°C, 24.72°C, and 34.71°C for indoor temperature and 33.64%, 63.71%, and 86.18% for relative humidity. The lowest exhaust concentrations for NH3 and CO2 were 6.98 ppm and 609 ppm, respectively. They were measured in early morning at the maximum diurnal ventilation rate in July 2013 and August 2013. The highest concentrations were 10.58 ppm for NH3 and 904 ppm for CO2 recorded in the afternoon when the ventilation rate was the lowest in June 2013.

In this study, we examine the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and terrorist incidents that took place in Turkey during the period 1991:12 to 2003:12. By doing so we contribute to the literature by allowing for a possible nonlinear relationship between terrorism and FDI. The data used to measure the intensity of terrorism were collected from a major newspaper of Turkey, and therefore is limited to the direct signals given to the market. Empirical evidence from both linear and non-linear models confirms that terrorism has a large negative impact on foreign direct investment. As far as the results of the nonlinear model estimation are concerned, the impact of terrorism on FDI is estimated to be more severe during periods of high terrorism where the intensity of terrorism passes a certain threshold level. This threshold level can be interpreted as a warning ‘signal’ that FDI may decrease severely and thereby can be used by policy makers to design effective policy measures and by potential investors as an indicator of a country’s risk profile

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract