No abstract

The problem of optimizing procurement activities is one of the most important at the enterprises of the construction complex, since it allows saving financial resources and reducing the time of work with constant quality parameters. As a rule, based on the results of the procurement, an agreement is concluded with the supplier that offered the lowest price. This methodology does not allow evaluating the proposed price options in terms of finding reserves to reduce construction costs, since This technique does not reveal all the hidden “pitfalls” that “unscrupulous contractors” lay when conducting tenders. Often, the customer of a construction project becomes hostage to the “low price”, at which it is necessary either to increase the price, or to increase the terms, or to change the contractor organization. The solution to this problem can be a new methodology for preparing tender documents, which assumes the classification of types of work in the form of a hierarchical structure and the determination of cost by type and code of work. This makes it possible to make a comparative assessment of contractors’ proposals in the context of individual cost items and to determine the average price based on the results of the tender. At the second stage of the competitive procedure, contractors are asked to optimize their bids to the level of the average or the lowest price, if they are higher, and to keep the offered price, if it was the lowest. Often contractors work with “usual” suppliers and stop monitoring the market for the best price. The use of this technique leads to minimization of the costs of contracting work both for the customer at the expense of the minimum price and for the contractor by identifying the potential for price reductions, and also allows the customer to obtain the required volume of construction work of the required quality within the planned time frame without reducing the internal rate of return of the contracting company organizations.

The problem of optimization of construction at all stages of the life cycle of a construction object is one of the most significant. The solution to this problem is the introduction of cyber-physical systems and technologies. The issues of introducing digital tools in construction have been of long-term interest to both researchers and practitioners, since these processes provide construction companies with additional economic benefits, reduce lead times and improve the quality of finished construction products. The article defines the main types of cyber-physical systems and technologies that have the potential for development the economy in the context of digitalization, identifies the main problems of introducing digital tools by small construction enterprises, systematizes and groups indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of their implementation. The authors propose three groups of performance indicators, including performance indicators of construction processes at the stages of the life cycle, performance indicators for the implementation of a construction process management system based on information systems and technologies, performance evaluation indicators for the implementation of investment projects for the implementation of cyber-physical systems and technologies in construction. The results of the study can be used to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of construction processes based on the introduction of cyber-physical systems and technologies.

Objective: The article proposes a classification of cyber-physical systems and technologies at the stages of the life cycle of a construction project, considers an algorithm for choosing these technologies depending on the effectiveness of the project.   Theoretical framework: The study is based on the review of publications in international scientific journals, methodological literature on the topic of the use of digital tools in construction. The experience of different countries in the application of cyber-physical systems and technologies in construction was represented.   Method: The study was conducted based on materials published in open sources, including scientific articles, reports, regulatory documents. In addition, the study used the experience of several companies operating in the construction industry.   Results and conclusion: The main approaches to planning construction projects at the stage of the life cycle are studied. Approaches to the formation of a graphical hierarchical block diagram of a simulation model, consisting of different levels of nesting, are proposed. The results may be of interest to manufacturing companies that decide to implement digital technologies in construction, as well as individual scientists who study the problem of increasing the efficiency of production organization at the stages of the construction projects life cycles. Implications of the research: The results of the study can be used by construction companies when planning the choice of cyber-physical systems and technologies at the stages of the life cycle of construction objects   Originality/value: The authors propose an approach that allows choosing tools for designing and building objects using cyber-physical systems and technologies at the stages of the life cycle. A hierarchical block diagram of the simulation model is proposed, which contains more than a dozen child diagrams that combine several hundred smaller typical modules.