No abstract

Olympic Sport is an important part of physical culture and sports movement at the international, national and regional levels. The achievements of athletes at the Olympic Games are the hallmark of the country and are of great importance for the formation of its image in the international arena. Track-and-field athletics is a leader in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in the number of athletes participating in the Olympic Games and in the number of Olympic medals won during the Olympic games from 1952 to 1988. The article studies the historical aspects of the development of this sport, which is of significant interest not only for the historiography of the physical culture and sports movement in Ukraine and the region, but also allows us to highlight the main factors that determine the effectiveness of training highly qualified athletes. The chronological scope of this study covers the period from 1922 to 1991, when Ukraine was the part of the USSR and the Olympic sports developed in the conditions of the tough competition among athletes from 15 union republics. During this period, the Russian Federation had an advantage in the development of Olympic sports, training experience of athletes from Ukraine and other Union Republics was of particular importance. According to this, preparation of Ukrainian and other Union Republic athletes is of great interest.

Introduction and purpose of the study. The article presents the results of a historical analysis of literary sources, archival and local history materials on the problems of the effectiveness of the development of athletics, as one of the leading Olympic sports in the Dnipropetrovsk region during the 1950-60s of the last century. It is theoretically substantiated that the main prerequisite for successful performances of athletes at the Olympic Games, during the specified period, is the determination of the main factors that affect the effectiveness of the organization of training athletes, namely: provision of material and technical base; development of mass character and the system of sports schools; personnel training. The hypothesis of the research is that the study of the historical experience of the development of athletics as an Olympic sport during the period of the most successful performance of athletes from the Dnipropetrovsk region at the Olympic Games can be used to develop regional training programs for athletes to participate in the Olympic Games. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, archival documents and program and regulatory materials, descriptive, historical and logical method, system analysis method. Results: the historical prerequisites for the development of athletics are stated, which in the period from 1952 to 1968 was the only sport in which the region's athletes took part in the Olympic Games and achieved Olympic awards. The main factors that contributed to the effective organization of training of highly qualified athletes, candidates for the USSR Olympic teams have been determined. The analysis of the results obtained shows that the main factors that contributed to the successful training of athletes in athletics were: the historical experience of the development of athletics as a sport since the beginning of the twentieth century; development of logistics; high level of qualified coaching staff; effective system of children and youth sports. Conclusions. The organizational foundations of the training system in Olympic sports at the regional level have been developed. The conducted research allowed to find out that for the organization of training of highly qualified athletes at the regional level, the determining factors are: the choice of priority sports; improving the training of the reserve in the children's sports schools system; training of coachers; development of material and technical support. Key words: Olympic sports, athletics, training of highly qualified athletes, Dnipropetrovsk region.

Purpose: the article deals with the disclosure of the problem of state management of sports development in terms of its legislative support, which should facilitate the development of sports in the "European model", namely the involvement of local authorities, to eliminate it further in the formation of a modern system of training athletes in Ukraine. Material: a set of theoretical research methods were used: generalization of literature, materials from the Internet, content of previous own scientific developments, as well as abstraction, idealization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Results: The article presents the results of the study of the quality and features of the legislative acts that regulate the development of sports in Ukraine. It is proved that the problem in domestic sport is that the adopted legislative and regulatory acts in Ukraine are not those that effectively contribute to the development of the sphere according to the "European model". After all, part of their content is marked by declarative nature, the absence of clearly established standards and effective forms of control, the weak use of decentralization processes. It is the decentralization of power by its potential that creates powerful organizational and financial prerequisites for reforming the physical education and sports sector in the "European model". And this, in the case of a higher level of public administration, can ensure a new, modern quality of the sport. This model, while providing competent governance, combines the resources and capabilities of the state, including the funds of the specialized government, ministries and agencies involved in physical education and sports, as well as local authorities and non-governmental organizations (national sports federations, federations, existing in provinces and cities, sports clubs) and more. Conclusions: The current state and level of public administration of sport is critical and hinders positive change in this social sphere. The negative will obviously affect the activities of the newly created Ministry Youth and Sports of Ukraine. This Ministry, paying attention to Sport for All, will need to start almost from scratch in the sport of excellence, that is, to create the legal, organizational and financial preconditions for the qualitative improvement of the state of the entire field of sport. Keywords: sports development problem, "European model" of sports development, legislation and regulations governing sports development, public administration, decentralization

At present, in the conditions of decentralization, considerable attention is paid to the study of historical experience and traditions of development of physical culture and sports movement in the regions of Ukraine. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature shows that such studies allow not only to expand theoretical knowledge of the history of physical culture and sports in Ukraine, but also to identify priority sports in the development of programs for the development of physical culture and sports. The aim is to study the historical experience of the development of academic rowing as a sport in the Katerinoslav region in the late XIX – early XX centuries and identifying the main factors that contributed to its further development. Material and methods. During the analysis the analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, historical-logical, chronological, descriptive methods on the basis of studying of periodical, local lore literature, archival documents, photographic materials and other sources were used.