The issue of civil-military cooperation has relatively recently taken its rightful place among the scientific works of Ukrainian scientists. For Ukraine, this issue is gaining relevance in the context of "Crimean events" and hostilities in eastern Ukraine. In addition, in the context of civil-military cooperation, respect for fundamental human rights should not be forgotten. Equality in CIMIC operations is often overlooked when considering relevant issues, although the international community has long emphasized the need for gender equality and proportional representation of the opposite sex in the armed forces and civilian professions that interact with them. The aim of the study is a detailed analysis of the peculiarities of civil-military interaction on the basis of the norms of international organizations, analysis of the place of gender policy in the relevant issue and interpretation of the ECtHR's practice on certain issues related to civil-military interaction. The leading research method is the formal-legal method, the application of which provided an effective analysis of the legal framework of international law, doctrinal approaches and practice of the ECtHR in the context of the place of human rights protection in the system of civil-military interaction.
Among the most leading principles of international law the rule of law stands out the most. The existence and functioning of the modern international legal order are based on the fundamental and universally recognized principles of international public law enshrined in the following documents: the Charter of the United Nations of 1945 (7 principles); the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, adopted by Resolution 26/25 (XXV) of the United Nations General Assembly on 24 October 1970 (7 principles); the Declaration of Principles of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (Helsinki 1975) (10 principles). The quantitative formation of the modern system of principles of international public law contains only 10 principles that are recognized by the member states of the international community of states and legalized in more than ten thousand international treaties of different levels by means of their consolidation in the preambles of such treaties. Furthermore, in the age of legal globalization, which is new and the most integrated form of globalization, the rule of law becomes of increasing importance and development. Firstly, this principle is directed at the synergistic interaction of the legal systems of the member states of the United Nations with the purpose of the same approach to regulation of a wide range of issues, which, on the one hand, are the subject of regulation of national law, and on the other hand, they have already become the subject of international legal regulation (human rights, democratization of public administration, electoral law, local self-government, etc.). Secondly, it aims to ensure the supremacy of the norms and principles of international law in the activities of states, both at the international level and in domestic activities in accordance with their international legal obligations, which they have taken upon signing bilateral and multilateral international treaties.
The purpose of the article is to determine the advantages of the circular economy and approaches to the state organizational and economic support of its development through the prism of studying the policy effectiveness of China and the EU countries on the circular economy model implementation. Research methods. The following methods were used in the research process: method of comparative analysis (assessment of state regulatory policy measures in China, Germany, and the Netherlands), abstract-logical method (problem statement, substantiation of conclusions), monographic method (analysis of the scientific works evolution by national and foreign scientists on circular economy problems, sustainable development). Research results. The key preconditions for the development of the circular economy are analyzed, the key ones being political will, social partnership, the availability of secondary resource markets, and an effective system of state regulation and support measures. Particular attention is paid to the role of stakeholders and the benefits they will gain as a result of the implementation of the concept of circular economy, as well as systematized key indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the circular economy strategy. It is substantiated that China and some EU countries have made significant progress in implementing the concept of circular economy, primarily due to organizational and economic instruments of state regulation, the analysis of which will contribute to the effective transformation of Ukraine's economic model in accordance with the principles of circularity. Scientific novelty. The concept of circular economy was further developed in terms of constructing organizational and economic instruments of state support for its development by strengthening interaction and growing interest of stakeholders, as well as assessing the effectiveness of the circular economy by adapting the balanced scorecard. Practical significance. Advantages of the transition to the principles of circularity for key stakeholders in terms of the effectiveness of its state organizational and economic support were systematized, as well as the indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the circular economy concept were identified. A comprehensive state policy of transition to a circular economy in Ukraine, taking into account the progressive experience of the EU countries and China, will promote its balanced development, realization of stakeholder interests, reduction of environmental risks, optimization of resource potential. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 16.
ПРИНЦИП ВЕРХОВЕНСТВА ПРАВА В ПРАВОВІЙ СИСТЕМІ ЄС ТА МІЖНАРОДНОМУ ПРАВІУ статті досліджуються деякі доктринальні підходи щодо змісту та юридичної природи доктрини верховенства права в правовій системі ЄС. Доводиться, що доктрина верховенства залишається одним із принципів права Європейського Союзу. Так, вже протягом 50 років після того, як Суд справедливості ЄС визнав його у відомій справі Costa v ENEL, цей принцип залишається значною мірою некодифікованим і таким, що походить із судової практики. Відмічається, що не лише основоположні договори Євросоюзу, а й інші обов'язкові акти, що формують acquis ЄС, мають першочергове значення у національному законодавстві. Таким чином, констатується, що сформульована доктрина верховенства права перетворилася на принцип, що гарантує ефективність права ЄС. Зроблено висновок, що в установчих договорах ЄС, зокрема Договорі про Європейський Союз (2007 р.), верховенство права постає не стільки як принцип права, скільки як філософсько-соціальна категорія -загальнолюдська цінність, яку мають поважати і якої мають дотримуватися. Це підтверджується системним тлумаченням відповідних нормативних положень під кутом аксіологічного розуміння їх потенціалу. Зокрема, в Договорі про ЄС ці цінності знайшли своє відображення таким чином: а) у Преамбулі зазначено, що держави-члени заснували Європейський Союз, отримуючи натхнення від культурного, релігійного та гуманістичного спадку Європи, з якого розвинулися загальні принципи (непорушності та невідчужуваності прав особистості, свободи, демократії, рівності та верховенства права); б) у ст. 2 є перелік цінностей, на яких було засновано Союз, тут також підкреслюється, що ці цінності є спільними для всіх держав-членів, а також закріплено телеологічні домінанти, що демонструють практичне застосування наведених цінностей у суспільстві -панування плюралізму, недискримінації, толерантності, правосуддя, солідарності та рівності чоловіків та жінок. Отже, саме у такий спосіб установчі договори ЄС нормативно закріпили загальновизнані принципи права, до яких належить і принцип верховенства права, як засадничі, основоположні щодо правової системи Європейського Союзу, відповідно, і правових систем його держав-членів.Ключові слова: Європейський Союз, принципи права, верховенство, пряма дія, Суд ЄС, інтеграція в європейський правовий простір. Міжнародне правоMember States established the European Union, drawing inspiration from the cultural, religious and humanistic heritage of Europe, from which developed common values (inviolability and inalienability of individual rights, freedom , democracy, equality and the rule of law); b) in Art. 2 contains a list of the values on which the Union was founded, it also emphasizes that these values are common to all Member States; and teleological dominants are enshrined to demonstrate the practical application of these values in society -the dominance of pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between men and women. Thus, it is in this way that the founding treaties of the EU have legally...
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