Conifer-tree polyprenols in combination with CoQ10 may be generally safe in patients with SIM, but caution should be exercised in patients with glomerular filtration rate <60mL/min and routine monitoring of the liver enzymes and CK is advocated in all patients. The observed efficacy provides the rationale for a larger, double-blind controlled study with polyprenols.

# Corresponding author Contributed by Vija KluðaPolyprenols (PPs)

The needles of conifer trees are one of the richest sources of natural polyprenols. Polyprenol homologs from Abies sibirica L. lipophilic 80% purified extract were analyzed and quantified. In total, 10 peaks (Prenol-11 to Prenol-20) were observed in the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) chromatogram of Siberian fir with the most abundant compound being Prenol-15 (relative amount 37.23 + 0.56% of the total polyprenol yield). Abies sibirica L. polyprenol solubility and incorporation efficiency into liposomes were studied in various commercially available lecithin mixtures (Phosal IP40, Phosal 75SA, and Lipoid P45). The resulting multilamellar polyprenol liposomes were morphologically characterized by Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy, and the liposome size was discovered to be polymodal with the main peak at 1360 nm (90% of the volume). As polyprenols are fully soluble only in lipids, a liposomal formulation based upon co-solubilization and a modified ethanol injection method of polyprenols into the ethanol-phospholipid system was developed for the entrapment and delivery of polyprenols for potential commercial applications in food supplement and cosmetic industries.

More than 40 volatile compounds with pharmacological effects (including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, radioprotective activity and improvement of cardiovascular risk factors, etc) are detected in the sea buckthorn. The most thoroughly investigated parts of sea buckthorn are berries -their juice and oil, but less is known about the bioactives of the other plant parts. This study aims to determine antioxidative (AO) and antiradical (AR) properties of sea buckthorn sprouts. The study results show differences between spring and autumn sprouts' collection as well as water and 70% ethanol extracts. Further, in vivo research needs to be done to provide a full understanding of sea buckthorn sprouts' AO and AR effects. * Corresponding AuthorsFax: E-Mail: Inara.Nokalna@rsu.lv [a]

Polyprenols are natural substances that are known for their role as cell membrane protectors from peroxidation. However, there is a lack of information about their effect on the performance of athletes. Therefore, we studied the effects of polyprenol on athlete performance. A total of 30 male floorball players participated in this study, 16 of whom were taking 30 mg polyprenol liposome caps and 14 of whom were not. All of the participants underwent VO2max exhaustive incremental cycling testing, before and after the use of polyprenols. VO2peak and other cardiorespiratory variables were measured to evaluate cardiorespiratory adaptation. For the polyprenol users (PU) the oxygen pulse (O2/HR) increased by 0.9 ml/beat, while in the control group (C) decreased by 0.4 ml/beat from before to after the use of polyprenols (p < 0.05). The diastolic pressure (Pdia) decreased by 4 mmHg for the PU, while it increased by 10 mmHg in the C (p < 0.05). The stroke volume (SVc) in the PU increased by 2.9 ml, while that in the C decreased by 7.4 ml (p < 0.05). In conclusion, polyprenols improved oxygen consumption efficiency by increasing SVc and O2/HR.