The present work aimed to evaluate the degradability of the chitosan polymer by soil microorganisms. This evaluation was accomplished using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method by plating in drops so that soil microorganisms capable of degrading the polymeric material could be quantified. Soil samples diluted in three specific culture media for each type of microorganism were plated – bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria – and they were maintained at 28°C for seven days to determine the growth rate of fungi and actinobacteria, and for 48 hours for the development of bacteria. Significant differences in the MPN of actinobacteria relative to the other groups analyzed were observed. Thus, the method used was effective for determining the degradability of the chitosan biopolymer when observing the development of microorganisms subjected to the replacement of the carbon source by the addition of 2% w v-1 of the chitosan biopolymer to the culture medium. The formation of clear regions around the microbial colonies was a strong indicator of biodegradation.
RESUMO O estudo sobre corantes e seus impactos no meio ambiente são condição para que informação técnicas capazes de proporcionar melhores práticas de gestão sejam adotadas. A falta de informação na Ficha de Informação Sobre Produtos Químicos (FISPQ), regulamentada pela ABNT, do Índigo Carmim motivou a investigação sobre toxidez desse corante em solo. No presente trabalho utilizou-se o método respirométrico para verificar a quantidade de CO2 liberada pela respiração da biota do solo. Foi estudado com a intenção de determinar o comportamento dos microrganismos na presença do Índigo Carmim nas concentrações de 1, 100 e 1000 ppm. Os resultados demonstram que o Índigo Carmim não apresenta efeitos tóxicos para os microrganismos presentes no solo analisado. Além disso, foi verificado um incremento na respiração da biota, indicando biodegradabilidade do corante.
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