Since both OPVs can be produced as flexible devices and they do not require external bias voltage, they open the possibility for use as thin film in vivo detectors for dose monitoring in diagnostic x-ray imaging.

Purpose: To fabricate and test nanometric organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells made of various active‐layer/electrode thicknesses and sizes; to determine the optimal material combinations and geometries suitable for dose measurements in clinical kilovoltage x‐ray beams. Methods: The OPV consisted of P3HT:PCBM photoactive materials sandwiched between aluminum and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes. Direct conversion of xrays in the active layer composed of donor and acceptor semiconducting organic materials generated signal in photovoltaic mode (without external voltage bias). OPV cells were fabricated with different active layer thicknesses (150, 270, 370 nm) and electrode areas (0.4, 0.7, 0.9, 1.4, 2.6 cm2). A series of experiments were preformed in the energy range of 60–150 kVp. The net current per unit area (nA/cm2) was measured using 200 mAs time‐integrated beam current. Results: The net OPV current as function of beam energy (kVp) was proportional to ∼E0,4 5 when adjusted for beam output. The best combination of parameters for these cells was 270 nm active layer thicknesses for 0.7 cm2 electrode area. The measured current ranged from 0.69 to 2.43 nA/cm2 as a function of x‐ray energy between 60 and 150 kVp, corresponding to 0.09 – 0.06 nA/cm2/mGy, respectively, when adjusted for the beam output. Conclusion: The experiments indicate that OPV detectors possessing 270 nm active layer and 0.7 cm2 Al electrode areas have sensitivity by a factor of 2.5 greater than commercial aSi thin film PV. Because OPV can be made flexible and they do not require highvoltage bias supply, they open the possibility for using as in‐vivo detectors in radiation safety in x‐ray imaging beams.