This study focus on the creation of flood risk derived from the Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID) since 1982 result, it shows that the water level is the best variable to be taken for the purposed of flood warning alert system as the result for correlation coefficient was 1.000. The risk index has been created from the control limit value with range from 0 out of total result being classified as High Risk class for flood with risk index range from and above. The accuracy of prediction of risk index being clarified by using ANN method and result obtained was 0.9936798 and the lowest RMSE of 0.662591 on the three hidden nodes to achieve an optimal result. The future prediction for UCL for water le was 3.6 meter. This study focus on the creation of flood risk index in the study area based on secondary data derived from the Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID) since 1982-result, it shows that the water level is the best variable to be taken for the purposed of flood as the result for correlation coefficient was 1.000. The risk index has been created from the control limit value with range from 0-100. Result showed that 16.63%

This study applied four hydrology parameters. The findings from Principal Component Analysis confirmed that all selected parameters were significant to be taken as main tools for further analysis with result of R 2 > 0.7. SPC set up a new control limit for all selected parameters in the study area. For those data within or beyond the Upper Control Limit value, it was being considered as high risk for flood occurrence. New flood risk index within range from 0-100 was calculated using a combination of new algebraic equation and control limit values obtained from SPC analysis as variable. The accuracy of FRI was tested using ANN.The result showed the accuracy of FRI was more than 90%. It can be stipulated that the combination of chemometric techniques and SPC can produce a new standard FRI which is cost effective, accurate and flexible to be applied for the purpose of flood risk control in tropical area.

No abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries which affect the movement of musculoskeletal system of the human body and supermarket workers are prone to develop MSDs due to their tasks by handling material manually. The objectives of this study were to assess the risk factors of MSDs including propose appropriate control measures towards risk reduction. This study was conducted by using Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire as a survey and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) as an observation method. Among 14 respondents consisted of 12 males and 2 females, the self-reported questionnaires revealed that the most-troubled body part experienced by the respondents in the last one week was shoulder (64.29%), followed by feet (57.14%) and lower back (57.14%). For the REBA score, workers from fresh market department and grocery department reported to had medium risk level of awkward posture. In general, most supermarket workers were had to stand and use their upper limbs while conducting the tasks. Intervention in terms of administrative controls such as to change the way of people work and job rotation could minimize the risk of developing MSDs among supermarket workers.