Background: Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) suffers from propioceptive ability and mobility disturbance which can potentially affects balance. There are various balance therapy options for DPN patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various non-pharmacological therapies (surgery, traditional medicine, exercise and assistive devices) in DPN patients with balance disorders.Aim(s): To determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological balance therapy in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathyMaterial and methods: A systematic review was conducted using randomized controlled trial study articles found using PICO characteristics in ScienceDirect and PubMed in the last 10 years. All articles were selected based on PRISMA and descriptive analysis was carried out on the selected articles.Result: Significant balance improvement found in traditional Thai massage, physical exercise therapy, assistive device therapy with whole-body vibration, and assistive device therapy with electrical stimulation. Surgical therapy with unilateral nerve decompression did not provide a significant measurable balance improvement.Conclusions: Physical exercise therapy, traditional Thai foot massage, WBV and electrical stimulation therapy (with the exception of TENS on the knee) significantly improve balance. Meanwhile, unilateral nerve decompression surgical therapy did not improve the balance significantly.

Introduction In stroke survivors, the prevalence of upper motor disability remains high. There has not been much report on the success of post-stroke mirror therapy, especially in developing countries. Objective The focus of this research is to see how mirror therapy, in addition to standard rehabilitation for hand paresis, affects upper limb motor recovery and level of independence in self-care after stroke at an Indonesian teaching hospital. Method This was a randomized controlled trial with no assessor blinding. The study included 18 subacute stroke patients who did not have cognitive or visual impairment. The mirror group received a 20-minute mirror therapy session in addition to conventional rehabilitation, while the control group received only the standard program for 5 weeks (2 times per week). The Brunnstrom score and self-care level of independence elements of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were used as outcome measures. Results Baseline comparisons of lesion type and Brunnstrom score showed significant between-group differences. The ANACOVA test showed the difference had no effect on the FIM change in scores (P > 0.05). One patient (mirror group) was dropped out from the study. After 5 weeks (n=17), the mirror group showed improvement in both the Brunnstrom and FIM scores (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusions Mirror treatment improves upper limb motor recovery and level of independence in self-care after stroke when combined with standard hand paresis rehabilitation 2 times a week for 5 weeks.

Background Locomotive syndrome (LS) is due to locomotive organ disorders which decrease mobility function, especially in the elderly. LS interferes with physical activity and is decreased in the elderly which could potentially decrease muscle strength. Hand grip strength (HGS) has been associated with overall strength and lower limb strength, but its correlation with physical activity in LS is unknown. Objectives This study aims to analyze the correlation between physical activity and HGS in elderly with LS. Methods 44 elderly were screened with Indonesian version of the Loco-check, a screening tool for LS. Physical activity was assessed with Indonesian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form and HGS was assessed with a digital hand dynamometer respectively. The correlation between physical activity and HGS with Loco-check were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results Significant correlation were found between physical activity with Loco-check in question number six (p = 0.027) and seven (p = 0.006), with a correlation coefficient of 0.333 and 0.407 respectively. No correlation was found between HGS with Loco-check, neither between physical activity with HGS. Conclusion There are positive correlations between physical activity and LS.