Furcal perforation is an iatrogenic or pathologic communication between the pulp chamber floor and the alveolar bone. The outcome of perforation sealing depends greatly on the tissue compatibility and bioactivity and sealing properties of the repair materials. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are currently the most used materials to treat this condition.The present systematic review aimed to report the treatment outcome of repaired furcal perforation using MTA and Biodentine and identify which material would yield a better outcome. Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed database to identify experimental studies and case reports that describe treatment of furcal perforation.Studies and case reports that evaluated the outcome of repaired furcal perforations using MTA and Biodentine, published in English from 2018 to April 2022, were identified. Unavailable full texts were excluded. Results: Initial screening of 724 articles (670 studies and 54 case reports). After discarding the duplicated studies, we reviewed 50 studies, selecting 13 for abstract analysis. We retrieved and evaluated full texts of eight studies and five case reports. Both materials had an equivalent success rate in the first three months but by 12 months Biodentine performed better than MTA clinically and radiographically. Conclusions: Repair of furcal perforation with Biodentine yields a better outcome compared to MTA.

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Background: Great advances in tissue engineering open a new biological path to regenerate the damaged pulpal tissue. The new approach of stem cell transplantation to regeneration of tissues had been used in many medical fields with promising results including dental therapy. Aim of this istoreviewthe efficacy of stem cell grafting in regeneration of dental pulp from available animal and human studies for a systematic and meta-analysisreview. Methodology: AComprehensive electronic search with time and language restrictions was conducted. Several known databases were included Ex: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science from 2000 to 2020.We combined the search terms and limited the study to the English language. Depending on PRISMA checklist, we removed duplicates, articles were screened based on title, abstract, and full text. The search resulted in 325 hits which after removing duplicates, exclusion studies the number of studies became 10. Results:In this review, The total samples used in this review was 40 samples from which 13 human patients had been included (mean age of 26.8 years old), 12 dogs, 3 mice and 12 inbred male miniature pigs using 94 teeth and molar. Moreover, all the used stem cells for dentine regeneration were adult mesenchymal stem cells however, the source of harvesting these stem cell differs between studies including adipose tissue and pulp CD31-SP, DPSCS, PDLSCs, Gdf11 gene,bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2),MDPSCs and SCAP. Furthermore, all types showed promising results however, some types gave better results over other including superior of adipose tissue CD31 SP over bone marrow CD31 SP and pulp stem progenitor (CD 105) cells over adipose CD105 cell. Conclusion: It was observed that stem cell grafting shows promising results in the regeneration of dental pulp in both animal and human studies with no side effect or toxicity. Therefore, we recommend widening the application of these techniques in human trials because of its safety and efficacy. Choice of carriers or type of stem cells up to our review should depend on the expenses, as there are no significant differences between them in both safety of efficacy profiles.

Introduction: Dental materials whenever used for restorations in the oral cavity can be subjected to dental erosion because of the gastric juices and can cause roughness and act as a nidus for the growth plaque. Aim of this study was to evaluate impact of artificial gastric acid on surface roughness of dental restorations, examining scientific studies published from 2010-2020. Materials and Methods: This study follows and complies with principles of PRISMA guidelines for a systematic review research methodology. In March 2020, an initial search was carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library database of indexed journals from 2010-2020 using the keywords: impact,” “effect,” “gastric acid,” “gastric juice,” “indirect restorations,” “dental materials,” “dental ceramics,” “crowns,”. Bibliographic materials from these articles were then utilized to find other sources.  Results: The MEDLINE (PubMed) search retrieved thirty articles, of which three were relevant to the study. Total articles found in Google scholar were 11,500 article, in which 11 were analyzed for further review and only seven matched the allocated inclusion and exclusion criteria. 512 articles were found in the Saudi Digital Library and only three of these articles followed the inclusion criteria of this study. Conclusions: It has been proved by numerous studies that acidic exposure significantly affects the surface roughness of dental ceramics negatively. There is lack of evidence to support the claim that Zirconia is the dental ceramic of choice for patients with intrinsic acid regurgitation. Thus, it is recommended to conduct further studies in order to assess and confirm the best material that can withstand such acidic environment.