Background A major destructive earthquake is predicted to shake the Tehran city in the near future. To mitigate the damage from such earthquakes, it is necessary to assess the preparedness of people and find the related risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran city among people aged 15 years or older in 2009. 1195 of Tehran's residents were interviewed using a questionnaire. Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used in order to evaluate the factors associated with preparedness against an earthquake. Results The analysis showed that 1076 (90.0%), 1160 (97.1%), and 490 (41.0%) of the participants achieved half of the possible scores for the knowledge, attitude, and practice components, respectively. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis low knowledge (p<0.001), having a high-school (p=0.033) or lower education (p<0.001) and living in Northern high-risk regions (p<0.001) of the Tehran were identified as risk factors for taking precautionary measures against earthquake. For low knowledge, lack of previous experience (p<0.001), and working as labor, businessman, employee (p=0.001) or being housewife (p=0.002) were related risk factors. In addition, people in the Southern high risk regions were significantly more knowledgeable (OR=0.618 compared to people in low risk regions) about earthquakes. Conclusions It is suggested that preparedness programs should target people with lower educational level and people in high risk regions especially the Northern districts of the city and aim at increasing public knowledge about earthquakes. Address for correspondence: Ali Ardalan, No. 78, Italia Ave, Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: aardalan@gmail.com or aardalan@tums.ac.ir Citation: Ostad Taghizadeh A, Hosseini M, Navidi I, Mahaki AA, Ammari H, Ardalan A. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Tehran’s Inhabitants for an Earthquake and Related Determinants. PLOS Currents Disasters. 2012 Aug 6
To construct reference percentiles for blood pressure (BP) by sex, age and height for the first time in Iran, we used data on 16 972 healthy children, aged 1 month to 18 years, collected during 2000-2010 in Tehran. BP in this population rose steadily with age and height following a very similar trend in both genders up to the age of 14. Systolic BP (SBP) rise was more prominent in younger ages, and after puberty (15-18 years) was greater in boys compared with girls, while the rise in diastolic BP (DBP) was slightly higher in girls. Iranian norms, compared with 'Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents' (US-4th-Report) and the 'German BP Percentiles by Age and Height for Children and Adolescents' (KiGGS), showed a similar pattern of differences for both genders. For example, for Tehrani boys up to 6 years old whose heights were equal to 50th percentile of stature-for-age as well as length-for-age growth charts, the differences in 95th percentile for SBPs compared with the US-4th-report varied from 2-21 mm Hg while compared with KiGGS, maximum of differences was 9 mm Hg. For boys 7-15 years of age, ours were slightly higher than both. For ages of 16 and 17 years, we yielded figures lower than US-4th-report (2 mm Hg) but higher than KiGGS (3 mm Hg). Iranian 95th percentile for DBPs was lower than US-4th-report and KiGGS (1-11 mm Hg). Considering the differences with US-4th-report and KiGSS standards, the references presented in this study should rather be applied in Iranian population.
BackgroundReduced level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is shown to be in association with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), metabolic syndrome, and chronic renal disease. Lack of a national representative research for assessing the level of HDL-C among Iranian adults, which is essential for health policy makers, was the motivation for this study.MethodsHDL-C levels of 4,803 Iranian adults aged 25–64 years old were measured by sixth national Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease (SuRFNCD) in 2011. Data were entered into STATA 12 software and were analyzed using fractional polynomial model and other statistical methods.ResultsIn average, Iranian adult women had 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/dL higher HDL-C level than men. The analysis showed that the HDL-C levels will be changed at most 3 mg/dL from the age of 25 to 64 years. Furthermore, it was shown that approximately half of the men and one third of the women had HDL-C level less than 40 mg/DL. Also HDL-C level of more than 60% of the women was less than 50 mg/dL.ConclusionsHigh level of HDL-C among Iranian adults was shown in this study which can be a major reason of increasing incidence of heart diseases in Iran. Hence, formulating policy regulations and interventions in Iranian lifestyle to reduce HDL-C levels should be among top priorities for health politicians.
Background and Aim: AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a deadly disease that affects the human immune system. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of life of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) patients in Markazi province. Material and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional design that was conducted in the years 2020 to 2021 in Markazi province. The World Health Organization questionnaire was used to determine the quality of life in HIV patients. This questionnaire includes physical domains, psychological domains, level of independence, social relationship, environment and spirit. Statistical analysis was performed in STATA software. Ethics consideration: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (ethics code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.008). Findings: A total of 126 people with HIV were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 40.4±10.2 years. The mean score of each of the physical domains was 14.4 ± 3.3, psychological 11.7 ± 3.2, independence 13.3 ± 3.8, social relationships 11.2 ± 3.1, environment 0.8 ± 0.3 10, spiritual was 13.2 ± 3.3 and total quality of life score was 12.1 ± 2.6. In multivariate linear regression analysis, socioeconomic status and history of imprisonment significantly predicted higher scores of overall quality of life. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the total score of quality of life and in each of its areas in people with HIV in Markazi province has an average. Among the factors affecting it are gender, socio-economic status and history of imprisonment. It is suggested that quality of life assessment of these patients be added to their care protocols to take effective measures to improve it.
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) incidence, as most common acute diseases in the world, has been increasing. We investigated knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare staff, including physicians and healthcare providers, such as health professionals and midwifes. Material and methods:In this cross sectional study, self-made questionnaire was applied. Data collection was performed between September and November 2019. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling method, and 226 healthcare staff were included in the study. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare median and interquartile range (IQR) score of KAP among participants. KAPs were classified into poor, moderate, and desirable. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 21.Results: Total median (interquartile range) score of KAP was 14 (4), 29 (8), 30 (9), respectively. Knowledge score of health professionals were low (52%), midwives and physicians scored average (74% and 75%, respectively). Most health professionals, midwives, and physicians scored moderate on attitudes (61%, 78%, and 80%, respectively). The results indicated that 60% of midwives performed well, with 46% of health professionals and 45% of physicians having mediocre performance. Conclusions:In this study, health professionals performed well, but their level of knowledge was low. This means that they perform well according to their duties, but did not have enough knowledge. Therefore, they need more training to improve the quality of their services.
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