Hutan mangrove Taman Nasional Kutai merupakan ekosistem penting yang harus dijaga dan ditingkatkan kelestariannya. Degradasi ekosistem mangrove melalui berbagai aktivitas manusia telah menjadi penyebab utama berkurangnya kemampuan hutan mangrove dalam menyerap dan menyimpan karbon. Hutan mangrove dianggap sebagai ekosistem yang paling banyak menyimpan karbon di dunia yang sebagian besar karbon tersimpan di tanah. Pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan rata-rata C-organik di Muara Teluk Pandan sebesar 2,20% dan di Teluk Kaba memiliki rata-rata C-organik sebesar 2,27%. Rendahnya kandungan C-organik telah mempengaruhi stok karbon tanah. Di kedua lokasi memiliki kisaran stok karbon tanah, yaitu sebesar 66,2-116,1 ton/ha. Rata-rata stok karbon tanah di Teluk Kaba sebesar 74,85 ton/ha, kemudian rata-rata stok karbon tanah di Muara Teluk Pandan sebesar 94,43 ton/ha. Berdasarkan literatur dan hasil penelitian yang terkait, menunjukkan stok karbon tanah mangrove di lokasi penelitian tergolong rendah. Adanya berbagai aktivitas manusia dan perubahan tata guna lahan terutama untuk tambak telah berpotensi menyebabkan terganggunya ekosistem mangrove termasuk fungsi mangrove sebagai penyimpan karbon.

More and more face detection and recognition systems. Although more and more, it does not mean that research on this subject has been completed. Demands for effectiveness, both speed and level of accuracy in a detection system are increasingly taken into account. Many of the several face detection systems use the Viola Jones method as an object detection method. The Viola Jones method is known to have high speed and accuracy because it combines several concepts (Haar Features, Integral Image, AdaBoost, and Cascade Classifier) into a main method for detecting objects. The programming language used in this paper uses the matlab programming language to make it easier to make the system. This paper aims to implement Viola Jones into a simple sleep eye detection system by utilizing the library in Matlab. After the system is completed, the system tests the detection characteristics of detectable drowsiness. This sleepy eye detection aims to determine whether the driver of the car is sleepy or not when driving with input in the form of eye detection taken using a digital camera and then inserted into a Matlab GUI programming language where binary and drowsy eyes are taken as a reference later it will be processed so as to produce output in the form of sound warning of the driver of the vehicle drowsy or not automatically.

Softening of the image (Image smoothing) aims to suppress noise (noise) in the image. The interference usually appears as a result of the results of the reduction is not good (noise sensor, photographic grain noise) or due to the transmission line (on data transmission). This research has produced an application program for image smoothing with several methods namely mean filtering, grayscale and gaussian filtering. The test image used in this study uses one sample sample. The image is loaded and displayed on the program. Then the image smoothing process is carried out using the grayscale, gaussian and mean methods.

Computer Vision is one of the branches of Image processing science that allows a combination of human beings, such as identifying an object like an eye and taking a decision. Many of the face detection systems use the Viola Jones method as an object detection method. The method of Viola Jones is known by having high speed and accuracy because it is useful to combine several concepts such as (Haar Features, Integral Image, AdaBoost, and Cascade Classifier) into a major method for detecting objects. The programming language used in this study uses the MATLAB programming language to facilitate the process of creating the system. The research aims to implement Viola Jones into a simple eye-sensing drowsiness system by utilizing the existing libraries in the MATLAB programming language. Once the system is completed, a system test is performed against the detected drowsiness detection characteristics. This eye drowsiness detection system aims to determine if the car rider is sleepy or not when driving with an input in the form of eye detection taken using a digital camera and then inserted into a language Programming GUI Matlab where the value is taken binary eyes, sleepy eyes and not sleepy that will be a reference that will be processed later so that it can produce the output of a warning sound to the rider of the sleepy car vehicle or not The sleepy automatically. The testing of the program gained an amount detected 7 eyes of 10 eyes by using BW 0255 level which is useful to accelerate a program to detect sleepy eyes.

Self-recognition system is a system that can be used to recognize someone's identity that can be done automatically using a computer. Automatic self-recognition can be done by using body parts or human behavior is known as biometrics. Biometrics is a self-recognition technology that uses body parts or behavior from humans. There are several ways for general biometrics that are often used for self-recognition, such as fingerprints, iris, face, face, voice, signature, hand geometry, and palmprint. Hand geometry is one of the biometrics owned by humans that can describe the geometric structure of a person's hand. The system contained in this study is a palm recognition system that uses feature-based extraction based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This technique involves taking the main components of the palm database. To find out the accuracy of the palm recognition system designed in this study, a system trial has been carried out using 21 palm image images from the database. From the results of this test, the results of the system are 52.38% correctly recognizing input images.