This article aimed to explain the process of urban modernization and malaria outbreak in the colonial era. The emphasis on modernization is based on several documents from the Nederlandsche Indies government regarding the formation of cities in Java which prioritized infrastructure development for economic that so triggered the malaria outbreak, especially in coastal areas and plantations. This modernization program based on economic industrialization has influenced the economic people, workers, traders, employees, and healers. In the process of modernization, the emergence of the malaria outbreak spreads to the people. Therefore, the focus of this research analysis is on the modernization process and malaria outbreak in Cirebon in the colonial era. It is important to note that modernization does not does not always produce cultural products that have a positive impact. In addition, it is also for the assumption that the malaria outbreak is an environmental problem due to ignorant public health problem.

Abstrak Artikel ini dimaksudkan sebagai usaha merekonstruksi sejarah pemikiran dari seorang sosok politikus terkenal yang lembut, tegas, dan islami, yakni Mochammad Natsir. Pemikirannya tentang pendidikan adalah sebagai perjuangannya dalam memperhatikan nasib rakyat Indonesia, terutama ummat Islam. Tulisan ini hanya menyoroti Pemikiran Mochammad Natsir tentang pendidikan, pemikirannya ini selain lewat dakwah, berpolitik, juga lewat tulisan-tulisan baik berupa buku, atau pemberitaan-pemberitaan dan artikel-artikel dalam surat kabar, terutama harian Abadi, yaitu surat kabar harian milik Partai Islam Masyumi. Dengan menganalisa artikel dan pemberitaan yang terdapat dalam surat kabar harian Abadi milik Partai Masyumi antara tahun 1950-1960 tentang konsep pendididkan Islam dari Mochammad Natsir. Sebagai pemimpin politik Islam, Mochammad Natsir secara maksimal telah memberikan seluruh tenaga dan pikirannya demi kepentingan ummat Islam di Indonesia dan seluruh bangsa Indonesia. Mochammad Natsir, menggagas konsep dakwah Islam bukan sekedar menyampaikan ajaran Islam, tetapi amar ma’ruf nahi munkar yang di dalamnya mengandung tiga unsur utama yaitu amal perbuatan lisan, aktualisasi ajaran Islam dengan karya nyata, dan kepribadian yang terpuji sebagai sokogurunya.---Abstract This study aims to reconstruct the history of thought of a well-known, gentle, decisive, and islamic politician figure, Mochammad Natsir. His thoughts on Islamic education is his struggle to pay attention to the fate of Indonesian people, especially Muslims. This study highlights Mochammad Natsir’s thought on education through da’wah (the preaching of Islam), his political enggagement, and his writings in the form of books, news, as well as articles in newspapers, especially daily newspaper owned by Partai Islam Masyumi (Islamic Party Masyumi) between 1950-1960. As Islamic political figure, Mochammad Natsir has optimally contributed his energy and thought to the Muslim community in Indonesia especially, and Indonesian people generally. Mochammad Natsir thinks that Islamic preaching is not merely delivering Islamic teachings, but also amar ma’ruf nahi munkar which consists of three primary elements, namely verbal deeds, the actualization of the Islamic teachings with the real work, and commendable personality as the pillar. According to him, Muslim has to be free from poverty, suffer, ignorance, illiterate, blind heart, and oppresion. Therefore, they have to refer to the Koran and hadith in social life.

This article discusses Islamic da'wa delivered through music with its song lyrics. The purpose of this study is to uncover Islamic da'wa in Bimbo songs. Bimbo's type of music is categorized as seasonal music which is only popular at certain times, especially the month of Ramadan. The research used a historical approach to uncover the development of Bimbo songs, and a semantic approach is also used to analyze the meaning and Sufism message contained in their song lyrics. Based on data analysis conducted, it is known that in Indonesia, Bimbo was a music group established in Bandung in 1974 that pioneered religious music and songs. Bimbo started its career through pop music with love, politic, environment, and humor themes. For six years, the Bimbo music group has sung more than 50 songs adopted from Taufiq Ismail 's Islamic poetry some of which were about Sufism. The theme of Sufism in Bimbo songs illustrates the deep inspiration of the singer and creator so that it becomes separate preaching that is easily accepted by the community. It can be concluded that Bimbo, the religious music group was famous for its musical character and Islamic poetry which contains the Sufiems values. Artikel ini membahas tentang tema tasawuf sebagai dakwah Islam yang disampaikan melalui seni musik dalam syair-syair lagu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap dakwah Islam dalam lagu-lagu Bimbo. Jenis musik Bimbo dikategorikan sebagai musik musiman yang hanya populer pada saat-saat tertentu, khususnya bulan Romadhan.  Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan sejarah untuk mengungkap perkembangan lagu-lagu Bimbo. Pendekatan semantik juga digunakan untuk menganalisis makna dan pesan tasawwuf dalam lagu Bimbo. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa di Indonesia, musik religi Islam dipelopori oleh kelompok musik Bimbo asal Bandung pada 1974. Bimbo mengawali kariernya melalui musik pop yang bertemakan cinta, politik, lingkungan, dan humor atau jenaka. Selama enam tahun kelompok musik Bimbo telah menyanyikan lagu dengan syair islami karya Taufiq Ismail sekitar lebih dari 50-an lagu, bahkan ada yang bertemakan tasawuf. Tema tasawuf dalam lagu-lagu Bimbo menggambarkan penjiwaan yang dalam pada penyanyi dan penciptanya sehingga menjadi dakwah tersendiri yang mudah diterima di kalangan masyarakat. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok musik religi Bimbo terkenal dengan karakter musik dan syair islami yang mengandung nilai-nilai tasawuf. يناقش هذا البحث الدعوة الإسلامية التي يتم تقديمها من خلال فن الموسيقى في نصوص الأغاني. و الغرض من هذه الدراسة كشف الدعوة الإسلامية في أغاني بيمبو(Bimbo). أغاني بيمبو(Bimbo)   موسيقى مؤقتة تحظى بشعبية كبيرة في أوقات معينة فقط، خاصة في شهر رمضان. و الطريقة المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي الطريقة التاريخية و الدلالية. استنادًا إلى تحليل البيانات الذي تم إجراؤه، من المعروف أن الموسيقى الدينية الإسلامية في إندونيسيا كانت رائدة في مجموعة Bimbo الموسيقية من باندونج في عام 1974. بدأ Bimbo مسيرته المهنية من خلال موسيقى البوب (Musik Pop) بعنوان: الحب، والسياسة، والبيئة، والفكاهة. على مدار ست سنوات، غنت مجموعة بيمبو الموسيقية أغاني الشعر الإسلامي يؤلف توفيق إسماعيل أكثر من 50 أغنية، و أن هناك الأغاني بالموضوعات الصوفية. و يوضح الموضوع الصوفي في أغنيات Bimbo الإلهام العميق للمغني والمبدع بحيث يصبح عظة منفصلة يتم قبولها بسهولة في المجتمع. لذلك، استنتج الباحث أن مجموعة بمبو(Bimbo) الموسيقية الدينية تشتهر بطابعها الموسيقي والشعر الإسلامي الذي يحتوي على القيم الصوفية ويؤثرعلى تطور الموسيقى في إندونيسيا أيضا.

This article discussed about the process of diseases spreading along the Java Sea area during the 19th and the early 20th century. This study utilized historical method with an aim to reconstruct past events, especially on the outbreaks happened in the Java Sea area and how the colonial governmnet dealt with the occurrence. The article applied Braudel’s structural theory (1988) to analyze the existence of structures, which were taking a role in the process of diseases spreading. This analysis was supported by the concept of ‘silent barter’, developed by Knapen (1995) as a benchmark to determine factors that caused the spread. The results allowed us to discover that the dynamics of shipping and trading in the Java Sea at that time were part of the whole pandemic situation. There were at least two diseases discussed as the main focus of this article, smallpox and cholera, as these two severely affected the trading and shipping activity. These diseases were carried by the crews of ships escaping the quarantine doctors who carried out medical examination at various ports. Several ports in Java, such as Batavia, Semarang, Cirebon, and Surabaya, had become the epicenters of the outbreak. The government applied a regulation to attached a yellow flag to the ship contaminated by the plague before they entered the port area. The yellow flag functioned as an identifying marker. The regulation was supposed to limit the spread of diseases from the coastal area of Java to the mainland, as well as to gain more attention from other ships and doctors resided near the ports. The yellow flag system made it easier for the government and doctors to handle smallpox and cholera outbreaks, even though there had been some aberrations in economic activities in this area.

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