Supplemental oxygen is commonly administered to critically ill neonatal foals via nasal canulae. 1 However, some foals remain hypoxaemic despite conventional oxygen therapy and require a greater degree of respiratory support. Mechanical ventilation (MV) can be used 1,2 but requires specialist equipment, expertise and facilities.Mechanical ventilation can also be associated with complications such as barotrauma, nosocomial infection and may not be well tolerated by the patient.In human neonatal care, non-invasive ventilation is commonly used due to concerns about long-term adverse effects of MV such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in pre-term infants. 3 Multiple techniques can be used to provide non-invasive ventilation which includes continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and HFOT. 4 The use of CPAP has been recently described in neonatal foals with pharmacologically induced respiratory suppression with encouraging results. 5 In human neonatal care, conflicting evidence exists as to which method of NIV is superior. 6 In humans, the use of CPAP can be associated with complications such as nasal trauma and

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