The board structure of an organization gives an overview of the standard of such organization, which also influences its public image. This study attempts to evaluate the role board structure plays in curtailing earnings management practices in Nigerian companies. This study sampled the data of 137 quoted companies in Nigeria for a period of 8 years (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). Earnings management was measured using the magnitude of the discretionary accruals as estimated by the performance matched modified Jones model. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression technique was used to measure the research model as well as the Pearson moment correlation coefficient. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between board structure and earnings management practices in Nigeria. The study shows that there is a negative significant relationship between board size, gender, and board composition with earnings management; also, there is a positive significant relationship between board meeting and earnings management practices in Nigeria. There is a positive nonsignificant relationship between the presence of a remuneration committee and the dualization of CEO and chairman positions with earnings management practices in Nigeria. This study recommends that regulators at all levels should enforce the preparation and publication of financial reports by companies operating in Nigeria.

This study examined the influence of an entity's corporate governance practices on independent external auditor quality, proxied with auditor industry specialization, in Nigeria. The explanatory research design was adopted. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts of thirty-five (35) quoted non-financial firms for 11 years from 2008 to 2018. After that, panel regression analyses were employed as the estimating technique for the model specified. The empirical results revealed that independent external audit quality is positively influenced by the firm's size but negatively influenced by board Independence and the proportion of female directors on board. Overall, aggregate explanatory variables adopted in this study accounted for 50% changes in external audit quality. Though these findings largely negate previous ones, they contribute to the extant literature and provide further directions for a future attempt at researching within emerging territories.

The continuous increase in the size of various firms and listed banks, has necessitated the need to empirically examine the effect firm size has on the financial performance of listed banks in Africa. This is because some organisations and institutions have in time past failed to fulfill their going concern objective despite their large firm size balance. This study examined the effect firm size has on the three levels of cash flow of emerging economies in listed banks in Africa. The study employed the use of multiple regression analysis with the aid of the STATA statistical software tool. The result obtained revealed that for the operating level of cash flow, all countries used in this paper, with the exception of Kenya should continue to employ the independent variable as a corporate strategy method as it increases operating cash inflow. The financing level of cash flow results recommended that all countries except Nigeria should continue to utilize firm size as a significant value was obtained from the regression. The investing level of cash flow results produced a significant P-value for all countries with the exception of Botswana. The study, therefore, recommended that listed banks in Kenya, Nigeria and Botswana should apply caution in employing the firm-size corporate strategy method. This is because it doesn’t guarantee cash inflow in all three levels of cash flows.

Improving the quality of curriculum development in private Universities in

We examine the effect of social media advertising on the operating, financing and investing level of cash flow based on listed banks in emerging economies in Africa. We employ control variables such as board size and financial leverage to control other factors not captured in our model. Results obtained reveal that social media costs aid all levels of cash flow in Ghana and South-Africa. Social media costs in Botswana have a significant impact with operating and financing cash flow and an insignificant effect with investing cash flow. The results obtained from Kenya revealed a significant relationship between the independent variable and the financing and investing cash flow while an insignificant relationship was statistically obtained when social media cost was regressed against the operating level of cash flow. The Tanzanian results reveal a significant impact with the financing and investing level of cash flow but an insignificant value was obtained from the operating level of cash flow. The Nigerian results yielded an insignificant value, from the operating and financing level of cash flow, while investing cash flow generated a significant relationship.