Fake news has negative impacts on society. It can sometimes cause the death of a person. In Joypurhat, Bangladesh, a garment worker has committed suicide because of fake news. At midnight, a passenger on a bus in Bangladesh's Naogaon district believed Corona had affected his mother. However, after testing, his Corona report came back negative. So, this incident has also happened based on fake news. With the internet, social media have become the most acclaimed tool for freedom of speech, democracy, truth, and as a source of infotainment. In this study, the researchers have attempted to find out whether social media is informing or misinforming the public with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, adopting the qualitative method of study. The findings of this study will aid in determining whether social media is disseminating accurate or incorrect information to the public about the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings show that social media generates approximately 100 COVID-19-related fake news stories over the course of 150 days, from March 1 to July 30, 2020. In this research, the results also show that 64.6% of respondents get COVID-19 related information through social media. In this aspect, Facebook plays an important role. About 53.0% of social media users acclaimed that they get COVID-19 related fake information through Facebook. Facebook spreads 63.0% of fake news, and it is the quickest way to spread any fake news in a short period of time. Most of the fake news is a combination of text and video (49.0%). So, social media is a large platform for getting COVID-19 related information. Fake news and rumors are new words related to COVID-19. This study reveals that 87.3% of respondents are familiar with these words, whereas 12.7% were not familiar with them before the COVID-19 era. About 47.6% of respondents never try to verify any rumors or information related to COVID-19. However, there is less research analyzing the circulation of false and evidence-based information during health emergencies. Thus, the present study aims at shedding new light on the type of fake news that circulated on social media around the COVID-19 outbreak in order to analyze how false information was shared.

Primary Education is a basic education for all, monitored by different agencies at the Upazila level to ensure quality. The researcher aims to explore overall monitoring and supervision scenario in primary Education at the Upazila level to ensure quality primary Education. The study used mixed methods with an explanatory sequential design and mostly qualitative approach. It focuses on Upazila Education Office, and other assigned primary Education related organizations and offices; Charghat of Rajshahi and Sundargonj of Gaibandha had been selected as the study area to observe what they, UEO and AUEO of these areas could do and what they are doing in reality. Through different interviews, questionnaire surveys and document reviews, the researcher has explored the scenario of these offices and officers and made some suggestions to ensure quality primary Education in Bangladesh.

The health and well-being of urban communities depend heavily on having access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The study's objectives are to look at how urban water and sanitation management is currently done, assess the effects of responsible institutions and good water governance, and offer suggestions for how to do it better. The study takes a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with the analysis of quantitative data. To determine how water management experts, view responsible institutions and good water governance, a survey of residents is conducted. Despite implementation gaps, the findings show that stakeholders understand the value of good water governance. The need for greater stakeholder involvement, integrated water resource management, stronger regulatory frameworks, robust institutional capacity building, and improved financial sustainability was emphasized by the stakeholders. The study also looks at how responsible institutions, such as government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and businesses, contribute to the management of urban water and sanitation. The study concludes that responsible institutions and good water governance must work together to manage urban water and sanitation effectively. The research results support the creation of practices, policies, and programs that improve urban water and sanitation services.

No abstract