Background Pelung chicken has extensively been studied through selective breeding and used by the local poultry sector for ornamental purposes and occasionally as meat-type chicken. However, a well-documented and detailed description of its origins, genealogical backgrounds, unique traits, and diagnostic genotyping of its unique plumage colouration has never been compiled. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed description of Pelung chicken and conduct a diagnostic genotyping of the TYR gene associated with golden plumage colouration accompanied with direct visual observations in Pelung chicken. Results Direct visual observations of GK resulted in dominant white shank governs by two autosomal loci and one sex-linked locus. Plumage colours were divided into four variants: black-brown barred, brown-golden barred, brown, and white. Each plumage colour group governs either by both the autosomal loci and recessive sex-linked locus or only autosomal locus. The diagnostic genotyping detected the presence of intron 4 retroviral sequence insertional mutation of tyrosinase (TYR) gene in both F1 Kamper and GK. Full-length retroviral insertional mutation of the G. gallus TYR gene is associated with the appearance of recessive white (C*C/C*C) chickens, with pigmented eyes. Conclusions The golden Pelung chicken was originated from inbreeding crossings between F1 Kamper, the progenies of crossbreeding between Layer Lohmann Brown-Classic and Pelung chicken. Historical accounts suggested the first documentation about the possible origin of Pelung chicken located in several villages surrounding Warungkondang, Cianjur, West Java. Genealogical background of Pelung chicken referred to Thailand RJF (G. g. gallus) and the possible contribution of Javanese fowl (G. g. bankiva) to the formation of domesticated chicken breeds. The genealogical background resulted in two different taxonomical terms, G. gallus and G. gallus domesticus as a subspecies of RJF. The unique and distinctive characteristics of Pelung chicken are crowing duration and plumage colour composition. Our findings provide essential information to assist the development of MAS and conservation initiative of the Pelung chicken germplasm. Our findings provide essential information for modern chicken breeders to assist the development of MAS and conservation initiative of the Pelung chicken germplasm.

Nabil WA, Habibah I, Aryochepridho, Trijoko. 2018. Caught fish species diversity of South Morotai, North Maluku, Indonesia. Ocean Life 2: 33-36. South Morotai is a part of Morotai Island, an archipelago in eastern Indonesia with high fisheries potential such as fish, sea cucumbers, crabs, shrimp, and algae. Research on fish diversity in South Morotai is needed because there is no sufficient data and information about the potential of Morotai Island marine fisheries. The goal of this research was to collect data on fish species in Morotai, especially South Morotai. This research was conducted by surveys of fish caught by local fishermen in July 2017. Results showed that there were 23 species of fishes belonging to 14 families, with the highest diversity belonging to the Scaridae family (4 species). Serranidae and Acanthuridae each had 3 species identified. Balistidae and Labridae each had 2 species identified. One species was identified from each family of Rachycentridae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, Sphyraenidae, and Mullidae.

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