The major salivary glands are parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. Imaging has an important role to play in detection, diagnosis, aiding biopsy and differentiating benign from malignant pathology. The traditional imaging modalities include plain radiography and sialography. With the advent of modern imaging methods like high resolution ultrasound with color doppler, contrast enhanced CT, MRI and MR sialography, the imaging has become increasingly reliable in making a confident diagnosis. A wide variety of conditions including obstructive, infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic pathologies affect the salivary glands, thus resulting in a wide imaging spectrum. This article is aimed at presenting the imaging appearances of common salivary gland diseases.

We report a case of a 70-year-old male, with slowly widening induration, ulceration, and oozing for 3 months on the scalp and face. The diagnosis of aggressive cutaneous angiosarcoma was made on histopathology and immunochemistry from the biopsy material from the involved area of the skin.

Emphysematous osteomyelitis (EO) is a rare condition characterized by the appearance of gas locules within the bone on imaging, usually as a result of anaerobic bacterial infection. We present the case of a 46-yearold known intravenous (IV) drug user who was admitted to the emergency department with intractable pain in the right groin. He was febrile with elevated white cell count and C-reactive protein. He underwent an Xray and CT of the pelvis which demonstrated intraosseous gas in the proximal right femur. A diagnosis of EO was made radiologically, allowing for prompt antibiotic treatment and a plan for surgical debridement. There are only a handful of published cases of EO in the literature, only one of which has described IV drug use as the underlying factor.

Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) is now an established alternative to surgery in patients with congenital heart disease and dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) conduit. However, there is recognition of a higher incidence of infective endocarditis in the patients after TPVI. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography is limited in the evaluation of prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis secondary to a metallic artifact and degenerative calcified conduit. Additionally, the anterior position of RVOT also limits evaluation by echocardiography. Conventional single-energy CTA can also be suboptimal in evaluating prosthetic pulmonary valve stent frame due to streak artifacts from the metallic cage and poor contrast to noise ratio if higher kV is used for single-energy CTA to avoid metallic artifacts. Dual-energy CTA can overcome these limitations using reconstructed virtual monoenergetic and iodine-only images for metal artifact reduction and improve intrastent luminal visualization. Reconstructed iodine perfusion maps may also help differentiate vegetation from a thrombus. In this case report, we discuss the diagnostic utility of dual-energy cardiac CT in the evaluation of endocarditis after TPVI and discuss the imaging protocol.