Upstaging was associated with lesions that were large, palpable or high grade. It was also associated with use of the 14-gauge needle method. Our scoring system might be helpful to identify patients who do not require sentinel lymph node biopsy.

A sonographic lesion size >20 mm can be used as another guideline for surgeons to consider sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with DCIS diagnosed by a sonographically guided CNB.

Lacking P protein of glycine decarboxylase (GDCP) from the mesophyll cells was one of the major steps for C3 species to evolve into C3-C4 species. Previous studies indicated that the lack of P protein in the mesophyll cells of C3-C4 species of Flaveria is regulated by gene different transcription. In the family of Brassicaceae, most plants show a typical C3 photosynthetic characteristic, which includes some important vegetables and oil crops, while few plants in this family exhibit a C3-C4 type of character. To understand the mechanism of difference in distribution of P protein between the 2 different photosynthetic types, a C3 type of 1.6 kb BnGDCP promoter from Brassica napus was used for detailed analysis in this study. This promoter exhibited the ability to drive beta-glucuronidase gene (GUS) expression in both mesophyll and the bundle sheath cells of C3 species, Arabidopsis. However, the same promoter was also found to drive GUS expression in both the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of a typical of C3-C4 species such as Moricandia arvensis, which loses the P protein from the mesophyll cells. This implies that in absence of P protein from the mesophyll cells of Moricandia (C3-C4 species) may be regulated by differential transcription of the P protein gene as well. And then, a region, which determines a mesophyll cells specific expression, was narrowed down to 135 bp in length through detailed promoter/reporter gene assay. DNA sequences alignment of the 5 -flanking sequences from either a C3 or C3-C4 species in Brassicaceae indicated that 2 different nucleotide acids only conserved to C3 species were revealed. Phylogenetic analysis of those 5 -flanking sequences of GDCP indicated that C3-C4 species in the genus of Moricandia might have been evolved from different C3 ancestors; interestingly, a C3-C4 species, D. tenuifolia, was indicated to have shared common ancestors with the C3-C4 species, M. spinosa, and the C3 species M. foleyii in Moricandia.Additional key words: C3-C4 intermediate photosynthesis, cis-acting element, mesophyll cells, P-protein of glycine decarboxylase, phylogenetic analysis Hort. Environ.

The original version of this article contained an error in the Fig. 2C. The correct Fig. 2 is reproduced below. Fig. 2. Deletion analysis of the promoter of BnGDCP in C3 species (Arabidopsis). (A) Structures of the deleted promoter/GUS chimerical genes used for Arabidopsis transformation. nP-BnGDCP represents a series of deleted promoters located at "n" position upstream of AUG initiation codon of BnGDCP. (B), (C), and (D) show the histochemical localization of GUS activity in a whole leaf, leaf section, and floral tissues of Arabidopsis plant transformed with -0.9P-BnGDCP:GUS construct, respectively. (E), (F), and (G) show the histochemical localization of GUS activity in a whole leaf, leaf section, and floral tissues of Arabidopsis plants transformed with -0.8P-BnGDCP:GUS construct, respectively.