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In a two-dimensional (2D) resistivity survey, all electrodes are assumed to be equally spaced and located on a straight survey line. However, due to the surface constraints of the survey areas, this underlying assumption is usually not followed in fieldwork. Moreover, misplaced electrodes inevitably result in significant distortions of subsurface images. In a 2D resistivity survey, the following two types of electrode location errors have been observed: inline spacing error and offline electrode error. Although inline spacing error leads to more distortion in data than offline electrode error, the latter can also generate false anomalies, leading to misinterpretation of data. In this study, I analyzed the effect of offline electrode error through numerical modeling using true electrode coordinates. Furthermore, I propose a new inversion algorithm developed using true electrode coordinates; I examine its performance through numerical experiments and field data applications.

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