This study aimed to clinically and radiographically evaluate the results of guided bone regeneration (GBR) using three-dimensional preformed titanium mesh (3-D-PFTM) for non-contained horizontal defects in 100 consecutive cases. This study involved 100 patients (129 implants) with peri-implant non-contained horizontal defects. The patients were divided into three groups: 3-D-PFTM alone (Group 1), 3-D-PFTM plus cross-linked collagen membrane (Group 2), and 3-D-PFTM plus non-cross-linked collagen membrane (Group 3). Each implant was evaluated radiographically using CBCT at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. At the platform level, the mean horizontal hard tissue gain of all the sites was 3.1 ± 1.3 mm at 6 months postoperatively. The mean rate of mesh exposure was 11.8% in Group 1, 4.2% in Group 2, and 5.0% in Group 3. The mean hard tissue gain rate was 71.0 ± 23.0% in group 1, 84.2 ± 21.5% in group 2, and 84.0 ± 22.9% in group 3. Groups 2 and 3 showed significantly higher hard tissue gain rates than group 1. However, there was no significant difference between the rates in groups 2 and 3. Within the limitations of this study, 3-D-PFTM should be considered as a valuable option for GBR for peri-implant non-contained horizontal defects. The use of an additional resorbable collagen membrane provides additional advantages.

This single-blinded, randomized, controlled study aimed to clinically and radiographically evaluate hard tissue volume stability beyond the bony envelope using three-dimensional preformed titanium mesh (3D-PFTM) for peri-implant dehiscence defects in the anterior maxilla. A total of 28 patients who wished to undergo implant surgery combined with guided bone regeneration (GBR) after extraction of a single maxillary anterior tooth were randomly assigned to two groups depending on the type of collagen membrane used, additionally with the 3D-PFTM—test (n = 14, cross-linked collagen membrane; CCM) and control (n = 14, non-cross-linked collagen membrane; NCCM) groups. Each implant was evaluated radiographically using CBCT at baseline, immediately after surgery, and at 6 months postoperatively. The relative position and distances from the bony envelope to the outlines of the augmented ridge were further determined immediately after GBR and 6 months after healing. At the platform level, the mean horizontal hard tissue gain (HG) at all the sites was 2.35 ± 0.68 mm at 6 months postoperatively. The mean HG rate was 84.25% ± 14.19% in the CCM group and 82.56% ± 13.04% in the NCCM group, but the difference was not significant between the groups. In all cases, HG was maintained beyond the bony envelope even after 6 months of GBR. This study suggests that 3D-PFTM should be considered a valuable option for GBR for peri-implant dehiscence defects in the anterior maxilla. In addition, 3D-PFTM may confer predictable hard tissue volume stability even after the healing period of hard tissue augmented outside the bony envelope by GBR.

Background : Traumatic, inflammatory, congenital reasons, and physiological ridge resorption after tooth loss often lead to unfavorable hard and soft tissue conditions in edentulous regions. Therefore, horizontal or vertical alveolar bone augmentation procedures usually cannot be avoided. the GBR performed on extrabony defects still lacked predictability. The use of three-dimensional, preformed titanium membranes can achieve GBR by ensuring graft stability and space maintenance.Aim/Hypothesis : This study aims to clinically and radiographically evaluate the results of bone gain in extrabony defects after GBR using three-dimensional, preformed Ti-membranes.Material and Methods : This study was conducted clinically on 74 patients (114 implants) with extrabony defects which existed around dental implants at the time of implantation. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at baseline, Implant 1st surgery, after 5 months each. At first, the exposure of three-dimensional, preformed Ti-membrane is evaluated between first surgery and second surgery. Secondly, Horizontal bone gain was evaluated at implant ' s platform level on 114 implants (95 only horizontal GBR cases, 19 vertical GBR cases) at 3 times as described above.Results : In this study, no severe pain was recorded postoperatively and no signs of inflammation or swelling were observed in almost all of the patients. Membrane exposure occurred in 3 (4%) of 74 patients and occurred in 3 (3%) of the total 114 implants. At the platform level, the mean horizontal bone gain in only horizontal GBR cases was 3.3 (±1.2) mm at 5 months postoperatively. The mean horizontal bone gain in vertical GBR cases was 3.3 (±1.3) mm at 5 months postoperatively. In almost all cases, it was possible to assure more than 2 mm of buccal bone width which is important for the long-term prognosis of the implant. Conclusion and ClinicalImplications : Three-dimensional, preformed Ti-membrane should be considered as a valuable option for GBR on extrabony defects.