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Other bioactive products U 1300 Hexaketides from Phytopathogenic Fungus Paraphaeosphaeria recurvifoliae. -[isolation, structure elucidation and murine tyrosinase inhibitory activity of novel hexaketide (I) and closely related known nonenolide-type metabolites]. -(SEO, C.; OH*, H.; LEE, H. B.; KIM, J. K.; KONG, I. S.; AHN, S. C.; Bull. Korean Chem.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of a probiotic, Enterococcus faecium, on the immune responses against infection with the marine fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The immune responses were assessed by lysozyme activity, complement activity, protease activity, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines by RT-PCR. The lysozyme and complement activities were increased between 9 to 15 and 9 to 13 days, respectively, and antiprotease activity was slightly elevated after 5 days of probiotic treatment. The TNF-α and IL-1β expressions were observed from kidney and spleen. The results of this study reveal that E. faecium induces immune-responsible materials and protects olive flounder from lactococcosis.

For the commercial production of CoQ(10), batch-type fermentations were attempted in a 150-l fermenter using a mutant strain of R. sphaeroides. Optimum temperature and initial aeration rate were found to be 30 degrees C and 2 vvm, respectively. Under optimum fermentation conditions, the maximum value of specific CoQ(10) content was achieved reproducibly as 6.34 mg/g DCW after 24 h, with 3.02 g/l of DCW. During the fermentation, aeration shift (from the adequate aeration at the early growth phase to the limited aeration in active cellular metabolism) was a key factor in CoQ(10) production for scale-up. A higher value of the specific CoQ(10) content (8.12 mg/g DCW) was achieved in fed-batch fermentation and comparable to those produced by the pilot-scale fed-batch fermentations of A. tumefaciens, which indicated that the mutant strain of R. sphaeroides used in this study was a potential high CoQ(10) producer. This is the first detailed study to demonstrate a pilot-scale production of CoQ(10) using a mutant strain of R. sphaeroides.