Purpose The extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model has been adapted and applied by scholars to gain insight into mobile banking (m-banking) usage. By combining three perspectives, UTAUT2, gamification (GM) and generational cohort theory, this study aims to investigate the factors which impact m-banking usage and examine the moderating effect of generations Y and Z on the relationship between GM and intention to use m-banking. Design/methodology/approach The adopted model was tested in a quantitative study by using partial least square structural equation modelling. A total of 380 valid questionnaires from a transition country, Albania, have been examined. Findings In the study, scientific evidence concerning the UTAUT2 model and GM elements are provided. Thus, facilitation conditions, habit and hedonic motivation were found to be significant determinants of GM. Moreover, the results revealed that age moderates the relationship between GM and behavioural intention (BI). Compared to generation Z, individuals born prior to 1996 (generation Y), exhibited a much stronger relationship. Research limitations/implications Although Albania bears similarities with other transition countries in terms of regional, economic and political environments, the generalisation of these results to another context is rather limited. Practical implications This paper offers a model integrating UTAUT2, GM and generational cohorts in the context of a transition country. The findings can be applied in the form of guidelines for a number of financial institutions. Originality/value Besides identifying the determinants of m-banking adoption and GM, this study notably reveals the importance of generational cohorts because it governs the effect of GM on m-banking BI.

During the economic transition the agricultural sector of Albania has changed significantly. This process continues parallel with global trends of periods of relative consolidation. The diversity of farm types is increasing in terms of both their production structure and production organization. Even though the farms are still small in terms of the average size, there is an increasing tendency of fallow land, due to emigration and migration of the rural population. This is mainly due to traditions, because households composed of several families use greater parts of farm land for subsistence. Farm size and fragmentation -Albania has a very large number of farms per unit surface area compared to other countries in the EU. The size variation differs according to regions: In average it is as follows: -higher in in Kukes 0.62 ha / farm. According to official statistics the size of farm plots increased from 0.20 ha plots in 2000 to 0.26 ha in 2011; which is equal to nearly 30% in a decade. But the total average size of field plots, in general is still too small to justify the intensification of production by replacing hands with machines. The crop pattern and crop rotation schemes significantly affect farm efficiency; it is dominated by wheat, corn, hay, vegetables, beans, potatoes, and orchards; the latter has a significant trend in favour of nut plants; while the cultivation of cotton, sugar beet, tobacco, rice, rape-seed, etc. is almost at a standstill in Albania. These changes result from: -farmers' freedom in decision making according to market signals; -inefficient state support systems aiming at revitalising promising markets, which also led to: *a destruction of the processing industries for tobacco, cotton, rice, vegetable oils, sugar; *the loss of traditional export markets; *misallocation of financial resources. The transition from a central, planned economy to a market economy led to a general production fall in Albania, including agriculture. The specific contribution of agriculture to the GDP went down from 54.6 % in 1995 to 28.1 % in 2000, and has stabilised at this level, while the sector growth is estimated by about 3.6% per annum. Nearly 48.7% of the population in 2012 lives in rural areas where agriculture is the main source for both subsistence and income. In general, the cropping area for annual cultures decreased, except for wheat, vegetables and potatoes, while the area for forage as well as fruit trees increased. Actually, half of the cultivated cropping areas consist of fodder crops, which constitute also the high share of subsistence farming. In general, livestock is the most important agricultural sector in Albania. Its production value reached ALL 180,072 million, which equals to about Euro 1.3 bn. Animal products are a major component of self-consumption. Traditionally milk and its products in Albania are primary products also due to favourable natural conditions. Cattle are dominant in the low lands, while on the mountainous area sheep and goats. About 54.3% of the animal husbandry outpu...

The risk, is an economic concept that gives the impression of a negative impact, unexpected event, condition upon which we can not influence. But it is important to distinguish between risk and danger as both are possible events in the future, but with different effects in conditions that can be affected. Not only the individual economic life, bot also businesses have faced different financial and business risks and its analysis is study object for many commercial units. Exposure to risk has affected in a way that many businesses and financial institutions should take the appropriate measures to protect against this exposure through the use of needed techniques for running it. Banks use different techniques in the management of risk, especially the risk of interest rates and that most used is funds GAP, as a technique, the size of which indicates the risk that bank the bear from changing interest rates and that is reflected in the net interest income. Which are the causes of this interest rate risk? Banks play a vital role in economic growth and in countries development, mainly through diversification of risk for themselves and other economic agents. Interest rate risk is one of the most important financial risks that bank faces. Interest rate risk is the possibility that changes in interest rates affect the interest income and the market value of assets of any investor. A large part of the income derived from net interest income, which comes as the difference between some asset items with the balance sheet liability items of the bank. Fluctuations in interest rates affect the interest rate and the value of the bank, making the management of interest rate risk to be vital to the success of a bank. Based on some basic concepts of risk theory, such as the target in terms of risk, event risk, the probability attached as well as the impact of event risk target, our paper aims to review the risk of interest rates as well as its main direction methods. Special attention was given in this paper