Upon establishing 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, the United Nations invited countries across the globe to take active roles in addressing challenges faced by our planet. This international calling required actions at individual and collective levels to meet Agenda 2030. Six years later, we intend to take a close look at actions taken by stakeholders, decision-makers, and academics to this call. We analyze the database of published scholarly articles to identify: (1) What is the status of research progress in addressing these SDGs over the course of the past 6 years?; (2) Which countries were actively involved and have pioneered in proposing solutions to the problems of our planet?; (3) What are the subject areas associated with these research projects?; and (4) What is the share of women in addressing these challenges and proposing solutions as opposed to men? The findings of this research suggest SDGs 5, 13, 4, 15, and 2 as the most researched goals, respectively, while SDGs 17 and 16 received the least attention from the research community. Overall, the number of evidenced documents has systematically increased over years since the establishment of the SDGs. This increasing trend has seen a boost in 2019 which has rapidly grown in the window of 2019 to 2020. Female researchers have had a 60% share in research addressing SDGs 5 and 11 as their highest contributions. The second highest involvements of female researchers were in SDGs 8 and 16 with 50% share in the investigation. Male researchers, on the other hand, were fully devoted to addressing SDG 7 (100% involvement) followed by SDGs 13 and 15 (85%), and SDG 10 (75%). Overall, our study aims to shed light on the degree of responsibility we commit to for correcting past mistakes and creating a more sustainable world for inhabitants.
The Ebola virus (EBOV) disease has caused serious and recurrent epidemics in recent years, resulting in a fatality rate of nearly 50%. The most effective experimental therapy against the EBOV is the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this work, we describe the development of HEK293T cells engineered for the transient and stable expression of mAb13C6, a neutralizing anti-EBOV monoclonal antibody. We transfected the HEK293T cells with a tricistronic vector to produce the heavy and the light chain of the antibody 13C6 and intracellular Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) using Lipofectamine 3000. We then selected the transfected cells using puromycin pressure, dilution cloning, and cloning disks. This integrated strategy generated mAb-producing cells in 7 days with a transient expression of ~1 mg/L. Stable pools were produced after 4 weeks, with expression levels of ~0.8 mg/L. Stable clones with expression levels of ~1.8 mg/L were obtained within 10 weeks. The produced antibodies exhibited the expected functionality; they recognized the GP glycoprotein of the Ebola virus in both ELISA assays and cell binding experiments using HEK293T cells engineered to express the EBOV GP at their membrane surface. By the combined use of GFP and the set of selection techniques here described, we drastically reduced the time from transfection to stable clone generation without resorting to costly equipment. In outbreaks or emergencies, this platform can significantly shorten the development of new biopharmaceuticals and vaccines.
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