Aim: To estimate the effectiveness of lower limb exercise regime in subjects with knee osteoarthritis in terms of Kinesiophobia. Methodology: This was a case series, conducted in the Physiotherapy Department Health Centre University of the Punjab Lahore after ethical approval from June 2018 to February 2019 on 44 patients with knee Osteoarthritis. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to enroll the participants according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Lower limb exercise regime was applied for eight weeks, thrice a week. TAMPA scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), KOOS and 6 min walk test (6MWT) were used to measure the outcomes. Paired sample T test was applied to find the difference before and after LLEP. Statistical significance was set at P= 0.05 Results: Mean age of the participants was 52±6.54 years ranging from 41-65 years. The mean difference in pre and post treatment KOOS Score was 15.13±12.38 (P=.000), 14.34±7.97 (P=.000) for TAMPA Score and 196.00±94.01 (P=.000) for 6 Mint walk distance. Conclusion: Lower limb exercise program is found effective in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Subjects undergoing in 8 weeks lower limb exercise program showed improvement in KOOS Score, reduction in TAMPA Score, and improvement in 6 mint walk distance. Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis, Kinesiophobia, TAMPA, knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), Lower limb exercise regime,

Background: Compliance to long term therapy is the extent to which a person's behavior - taking medication, following a diet or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health care provider. Aim: To determine the factors influencing physical therapy treatment compliance and relation of age and gender on compliance. Study Design: Observational study. Methodology: Study conducted for 6 months in public sector hospitals of twin cities of Pakistan. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Data was collected by interviewing the patients, using self-structured questionnaire. 141 patients attending physical therapy treatment in outpatient department for more than three days and willing to participate in the study, were included in the study. Patient who visited OPD for first time, pediatric patient and indoor patients were excluded. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 25 as qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: Most of patient could not adhere to physical therapy because of unavailability of time (60.28%), lengthy follow up (46.10%), boredom with exercise (23.4%), unavailability of respective gender (23.4%), long distance between home and hospital (20.6%), Physical contact with therapist during session (15.6%) and fear of modality (7.8%). Most patients within age group of 29-42 and 43-56 responded that frequent visits to hospital to attend multiple sessions of physical therapy were the reason they left physical therapy sessions and had unavailability of time to attend physical therapy sessions. Conclusion: We concluded that frequent visits to hospital to attend multiple sessions of physical therapy and unavailability of time are two main factors that led to poor compliance to physical therapy treatment. Keywords: Barriers, Compliance and Physical Therapy Treatment

Background: During pregnancy, 0.2% to 1.0% of women require general surgery for a non-obstetric problem. The evaluation, work-up, and management of pregnant patients are essential in the practice of emergency medicine to avert maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The aims and objectives of this study were to study the common causes of acute abdomen in pregnancy and there management. Methods: Ours was a prospective cohort study of 50 pregnant patients presenting with a non-obstetric surgical emergency over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care hospital of a developing area. Results: The mean age of the patients was 27.4 ± 4.73 years with most of them being in the age group of 26-30 years. Majority of patients presented in the 2 nd trimester [22 (44%)]. Ultrasonography was used as the diagnostic modality of choice in 49 (98%) patients. Acute cholecystitis was the most common surgical emergency in our study group accounting for 28% of all the emergencies, followed by acute appendicitis (14%), urinary tract infections (12%), urolithiasis (12%) and acute pancreatitis (6%). Conclusion: Early suspicion and serial examination in pregnancy may result in appropriate interventions for non-obstetric surgical emergencies. Surgeons should not be hesitant in ordering imaging modalities. Ultrasonography is most common and most useful diagnostic modality in pregnancy.