Background: Sibling relation over chosen STR loci and localized database is yet to be developed in Indonesia like into many other countries despite the demand of varied ethnic population, catastrophes and civil conflict that call forensic preparedness. The targeted application includes human genomic typing and profile, kinship/sibship relation, forensic applications, individual identification, and or claneology tracing. Consequently, this study devotes on sibship in assessing and establishing preferable STR loci and allelic sharing extent amongst Madurese full sibling. Materials and methods: One hundred blood samples were used to examine sibling relationship among 50 full siblings (25 pairs) assigned from a total of 100 individuals of 25 Madura families. Sibship relation was done by STR technique profile by 12 loci (CSF1PO, F13B, FES, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, and D18S51) and a sex-typing amelogenin gene locus Results: From 300 observations (25 pairs of full-sibling × 12 loci) of genotyped STR allele, of allele sharing, has found 4 STR loci: FES, CSF1PO, F13, and D8S1179 with high-shared allelic frequency in two alleles sharing among twelve STR loci by 52%, 52%, 44%, and 40% respectively. As for the four main loci of full sibling with one allele sharing, i.e, D7S820, D18S51, vWA, and THO1, have a sequence of percentages from large to small as follows: 76%, 76%, 72%, and 60%, respectively. Furthermore, STR locus VWA expressed null shared allele in 24 allele-sharing category. Likewise, F13 and FES both typed null allele in zero allele-sharing category among these full sibling Conclusion: Through the use of 12 autosomal STR loci, the study has signified the strength of 2 shared allele evidence by 51.2% in establishing sibship and recommend D7S820, VWA, TH01, and D18S51 as STR loci of choice when typing sibling among Madurese.

Abstract. Hyperuricemia can be induced by the high level of uric acid in the blood. Ginger flower (E. elatior Jack.) contains flavonoid, phenol and glycoside. Polyphenol and flavonoid have been reported having Xantine Oxidase Inhibitor (XOI) activity that can help for decreasing uric acid levels. Hence, the ginger flower can be used as a candidate of traditional hyperuricemia medicine. The objective of this study was to analyze the ability of ginger flower extract to decrease uric acid level in the hyperuricemic rat. Methods of this study were sample collection and preparation of ginger flower extract by infundation method, induction of hyperuricemic rat using per oral administration of beef broth at dose of 700 mg/kg body weight, treatment of hyperuricemic rat using ginger extract at dose of 200 mg/kg body weight and allopurinol as uric acid drug at dose of 180 mg/kg body weight and measurement of uric acid concentration. Results showed that ginger flower extract decreased uric acid concentration until 31.78% on discontinuous hyperuricemic induction sub-group and 17.90% on continuous hyperuricemic induction sub-group. Allopurinol decreased uric acid concentration until 45.65% on discontinuous hyperuricemic induction sub-group and 23.53% on continuous hyperuricemic induction sub-group. Hence, the ginger flower had the ability to decrease uric acid concentration in hyperuricemic rat into the normal level.

Corncobs have a high level of cellulose hence making it suitable to be used as the main ingredient in making hydrogels. Hydrogel are crosslinked polymers capable of absorbing water hundreds to thousands of times their dry weight, but are insoluble in water due to the three-dimensional structure of the polymer network. Hydrogel can be synthesized using corncobs cellulose and acrylate-acrylamide with chemical crosslinking methods. This study aims to determine the effect of adding corncobs cellulose and acrylate-acrylamide on hydrogel ability to swelling ratio, gel fraction and texture analysis. Nanohydrogel were synthesized by cellulose concentration by 5-25% while acrylamide was varied 10,12 and 16 %. The treatment concentration ratio of nanocellulose solution to acrylamide also showed a significantly different effect at 5% level. The optimum hydrogel synthesis was the treatment of 10 % cellulose ratio and 16% acrylamide ratio which has a swelling ability of 15152.3% (g/g) and gel fraction 56.6%. The increasing the concentration of cellulose caused the hardness value to be higher but the springiness value tends to decrease. Morphology analysis showed the surface of hydrogels that are porous, has lumps and forms a three-dimensional tissue.

Introduction: A prenatal paternity test is one widely-used method of determining the paternity of an unborn child. Such tests using chorionic villus or amniocentesis may increase the risk of harm to both mother and foetus. In the present day, a prenatal paternity test using circulating cell-free fetal Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is one alternative method due to it being non-invasive and safe for both mother and foetus. Aim: The aim of this study is to detect Short Tandem Repeat (STR) at 5 Loci (vWA, TH01, D13S317, D18S51, and D21S11) and amelogenin genes in circulating cell-free fetal DNA in paternity tests. Materials and methods: Forty-one samples of maternal blood were obtained from pregnant woman. Circulating free fetal DNA was subsequently extracted. A paternity test was conducted using an STR test at loci vWA, TH01, D13S317, D18S51, D21S11 in circulating free fetal DNA. An analysis of the paternity test between loci > 200 bp and < 200 bp was also conducted to establish the sensitivity of the test. Results: There was a significant difference between maternal blood DNA and circulating cell-free fetal DNA (p = 0.000 D13S317; p = 0.000 D21S11; p = 0.000 D18S51; p = 0.000 vWA; p = 0.000 TH01; and p = 0.000 amelogenin genes). The locus < 200 bp also had a higher sensitivity than locus > 200 bp. Conclusion: Circulating free fetal DNA can be used as an alternative sample for prenatal paternity tests because of its similarity with maternal DNA.

Post-mortem spermatozoa recovery is an important technique for obtaining germplasm reserves from genetically valuable animals or endangered species. The purpose of this study was to study whether ram spermatozoa within epididymides stored at 4º C for 24 and 48 h remain their motility and viability. The characteristic of ram epididymal spermatozoa after freezing and thawing was also observed. Six pairs of ram testes with attached epididymides were used in this study. The motility of control spermatozoa was well maintained throughout the dilution procedure (83.3±1.1, 80±1.3, and 80±1.3% for collection, Niwa and Sasaki freezing -1 extender (NSF-1 and NSF-2 groups respectively); but declined (P<0.05) after freezing and thawing (38.3±3.1%). Motile and viable spermatozoa could be recovered from epididymides up to 48 h of storage, although their quality declined significantly (P<0.05) as post-mortem storage time increased (motility: 83±1.2, 67±3.0, and 46±5.1; viability: 84.2±2.4, 73±2.8, and 66.6±2.6 % for control, 24 h and 48 h group respectively). These data indicate that ram epididymides could be stored at 4º C for 48 h when epididymal spermatozoa cannot be immmediately collected and cryopreserved. These storage conditions might be possible to use for epididymal sperm recovery in wild ruminants.