The aim of this study was to evaluate different mating strategies among endogamic strains to create F1 populations of mice, minimising the effect of inbreeding depression on somatic development and embryo yield. Females from the strains Swiss, CBA and C57Bl/6 were divided in nine experimental mate arrangements. The total numbers of pups born alive per dam and somatic development, estimated by weighing and measuring the crown-rump length, were recorded. Superovulation response was evaluated in outbreed females. Litter size differed among endogamic dams, irrespective of the sire. Somatic development results suggest heterosis and imprinting phenomena, once a differential parental effect was demonstrated. There was no difference in corpora lutea, ova or embryos recovered (P > 0.05), but recovery and viability rates differ among F1 groups (P < 0.05). The association of dam prolificity with somatic development and superovulation response of the pups should be considered for experimental F1 populations establishment. The use of outbreed animals, however, did not reduce response variability to hormone treatment.
<p>El maíz es un producto importante en la Altillanura colombiana por su gran potencial económico en la agroindustria de alimentos concentrados para animales. No obstante, el cultivo se ve afectado por insectos plaga entre los que cuenta la Chinche café, <em>Euschistus rufimanus </em>(Stall) (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae), insecto que provoca deformación y disminución del área foliar de las hojas jóvenes, pérdida de la dominancia apical, macollamiento, esterilidad y muerte de la planta. El presente estudió determinó el ciclo biológico de <em>E</em>. <em>rufimanus </em>bajo condiciones de casa malla, temperatura de 28°C ± 2°C y humedad constante del 75%. A tal fin se colectó una población de adultos de la Chinche en un cultivo comercial de la Altillanura y se estableció una colonia. La duración de huevo a adulto fue de 43,5 días. La duración promedio de los estadios en días fue: huevo (4,88 ± 0,1); ninfa de primer instar (3,6 ± 0,1); ninfa de segundo instar (8,5 ± 0,5); ninfa de tercer instar (8,17± 0,5); ninfa de cuarto instar 7,70 ± 0,54; ninfa de quinto instar 10,5 ± 0,6, siendo el segundo el de mayor mortalidad (60,68%). La longevidad promedio fue de 74,5 ± 4,8 días para los machos y 77,5 ± 5,6 para las hembras. La duración promedio de la fase de preoviposición fue 8,32 ± 1,18 días y la de precópula fue 7,6 ± 1,1 días. El número promedio de posturas por hembra fue de 32,24 y el promedio de huevos por postura de 77,1 ± 10,8. Estos conocimientos servirán de fundamento para el desarrollo de estrategias de manejo integrado de plagas. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Life cycle of </strong><em>Euchistus rufimanus </em><strong>(Stall) (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) a corn pest in the eastern plains of Colombia </strong></p><p>Maize is an important crop in the well drained savannas in the Colombian eastern planes (known as ‘Llanos Orientales’) because of its economical potential in the balanced feed industry for livestock. However, insects like the brown stinkbug, <em>Euschistus rufimanus </em>(Hemiptera : Pentatomidae), is among the entomological problems that can seriously affect this crop. It causes malformation and decrease of leaf area index on young leaves, loss of apical dominance, sterility and death. This study established the insect life cycle under greenhouse conditions. Study temperature and relative humidity conditions were 28°C ± 2°C and 75% RH, respectively. Bugs were collected from cornfields and reared under controlled conditions to determine egg to adult development. The life cycle was as follows: the egg to adult period was 43.51 days; eggs 4.88 ± 0.14 days; nymphs undergo five instars: instar I 3.64 ± 0.07 days, instar II, 8.53 ± 0.50 days; instar III, 8.17 ± 0.51 days; instar IV, 7.70 ± 0.54 days, and instar V 10.57 ± 0.63 days. Nymphs of instar II had the highest mortality rate (60.68%). Average male longevity lasted 74.52 ±4.87 days and 77.5 ± 5.65 days for females. Pre-copulation period was 7.66 ± 1.17 days, and pre-oviposition lasted 8.32 ± 1.18 days; The female bug laid on the average 32.24 nests, with a mean of 77.12 ± 10.87 eggs. This information is very important to determine pest integrated management strategies against <em>E. rufimanus</em>. </p>
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