During an expedition to Peru in August 2010, a new species of otopheidomenid mite, Prasadiseius incanus Prasad and Guanilo, n. sp. (Acari: Otopheidomenidae), was collected from Xylophanes fusimaculata (Felder, 1874) and Xylophanes undata Rothschild and Jordan, 1903 (Sphinghidae). The female and male of the new species are described using current nomenclature for the idiosomal chaetotaxy and illustrated in a series of photographs. A key for the identification of all species of the genus is provided. KEYWORDS -adults; description; new species; Peru COPYRIGHT Prasad et al.. Acarologia is under free license. This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-BY-NC-ND which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Mullerian cysts are of embryological origin and are usually found incidentally during delivery or a routine gynecological examination. They remain asymptomatic unless they become large enough to cause heaviness or pressure on the surrounding structures. Here, we present the case of a large 8 × 5 cm vaginal cyst that presented with bladder and bowel pressure symptoms. Complete vaginal cyst excision through the vaginal route was done to prevent its recurrence. The histopathology report showed ciliated columnar mucinous epithelium and confirmed the vaginal cyst as a cyst of Mullerian origin.

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We present a case of diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis in a 38-year-old nulliparous female presenting with abdominal distension and infertility, which is very rarely reported and commonly misdiagnosed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis showed an enlarged uterus of size 25 × 20 ×13 cm with a few fibroids in the lower uterine segment and pressure effects on the ureter, causing hydroureteronephrosis. The fundal region and upper uterine segment were extensively thickened with a mildly thinned-out junctional zone. A total abdominal hysterectomy was performed, and the diagnosis of diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus was confirmed on histopathological examination. The post-operative period was complicated by hypovolemic shock, which was managed by transfusion of multiple units of blood, blood components, and hemostatics. On the ninth post-operative day, the patient gained full recovery and was discharged.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the stiffness of cervix and determine its significance in predicting successful outcome of induction of labour. The primary objective was to determine the differences in elastography indices of different areas of cervix between the outcome groups of successful and failed induction of labour. A secondary objective was to find out the correlation of these elastography indices with Bishop’s score and cervical length. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted over a period of 6 months on pregnant women admitted in the labour room for induction of labour. Establishment of adequate regular uterine contractions – at least three contractions lasting 40–45 s in a 10-min period – was taken as end point for successful outcome of induction of labour. Even after 24 h of initiation of induction of labour, regular, adequate and painful uterine contractions were not established, then induction of labour was described as having failed. Prior to induction, cervical length measurement, Bishop’s scoring and elastographic evaluation of the cervix were done by stress–strain elastography. A colour map was produced from purple to red and a five-step scale – the elastography index – was used to describe the various parts of the cervix. The differences between elastography indices of different parts of cervix were estimated using Mann–Whitney U test. Correlation of the indices with cervical length and Bishop’s score was determined by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 64 women were included in the study. A significant difference ( p < 0.001) was found in the elastography index of internal os between the two outcome groups of success (1.76 ± 0.64) and failure (0.54 ± 0.18). However, the elastography index of central cervical canal, external os, anterior lip and posterior lips did not differ significantly across the outcome groups. A significant positive correlation was found between elastography index of internal os and cervical length (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, r = 0.441, p < 0.001) and between elastography index of external os and cervical length ( r = 0.347, p = 0.005), whereas a negative correlation was seen between elastography index of external os and Bishop’s score ( r = −0.270, p = 0.031). Conclusion: Elastography index of internal os can be used to predict outcome of induction of labour. Cervical elastography is a promising new technique for cervical consistency assessment. Further larger studies are required to determine some cut-off point for elastography index of internal os in prediction of outcome of induction of labour and to strongly establish the usefulness of cervical elastography for pregnancy management, preventing preterm delivery and establishment of cut-off points to determine successful induction.