Background: Clinical status and concurrent comorbidities of COVID-19 patients largely determine the need for their admittance to ICUs, similarly, several laboratory parameters like D-dimer, LDH, serum ferritin, CRP, and IL-6 may facilitate the assessment of disease severity and rational triaging. Therefore, their role in the management of COVID-19 patients has to be assessed. Materials and methods: Prospective study was done on patients who were tested positive for COVID-19 infection and admitted to various centers under the Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, India. Patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe cases. Demographic data and serum levels of biomarkers like D-dimer, LDH, ferritin, CRP, and IL-6 were collected in these patients, and data were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 164 cases were included in this study, of which, 62 were mild, 47 moderate, and 55 were severely infected COVID-19 patients. There was male predominance in patients infected with COVID-19. The median age of presentation was 53, 60, and 57 years in mild, moderate, and severe cases respectively.  Median was also derived for D-dimer, LDH, serum ferritin, CRP, and IL-6 in mild, moderate, and severe cases. Changes in D-dimer, LDH, and serum ferritin levels in mild, moderate, and severe cases showed statistical significance(p<0.05). Conclusions: D-dimer helps in the early identification of mild, moderate, and severe cases and can be used for the vigilant monitoring of patients. LDH and serum ferritin helps in the identification of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent patients. The role of CRP and IL-6 in the management of COVID-19 patients has to be further investigated.

Background: It is known as in other viral infections, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections, can be associated with haematological changes and often has the potential to optimize the monitoring of the infectious process and their severity. Hence, we took up this study to analyze clinico-haematological profiles in coronavirus disease-2019 patients and to compare haematological changes between mild, moderate, and severe cases. Materials and methods: The study included the patients who were tested positive for coronavirus disease-2019 infection and the patients were classified into mild, moderate and severe cases. The demographic data and the laboratory haematological parameters were collected and statistically analysed. The median values were compared between mild, moderate, and severe cases using non-parametric tests, Kruskal-Wallis test with posthoc Mann-Whitney, and the p-value was calculated using Chi-square test for statistical significance. Results:  Data was collected for 276 patients, of which 167 patients were mild cases, 50 were moderate and 59 were severe. The median was derived for all the haematological parameters in mild, moderate, and severe groups which showed an increasing trend in total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and a decreasing trend in absolute lymphocyte count and statistically significant with p-value <0.05. Conclusions:  Coronavirus disease-2019 infection is associated with changes in haematological parameters, as the severity of the disease progresses total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio increase but absolute lymphocyte count decreased. High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and lymphopenia are valuable early risk stratification parameters.

Etio-Morphological Spectrum of Bone Marrow in Pancytopenia Materials and Methods The present prospective study was undertaken during the period from November 2015 to April 2017 at Hematology Unit, Department of Pathology after obtaining approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. The study included 77 patients of all age groups and both the genders fulfilling the criteria of pancytopenia on initial workup i.e., Hemoglobin concentration (Hb%) below 10 g%, Total leukocyte count (WBC count) below 4 x 10 9 / L and Platelet count below 100 x 10 9 / L. [5] They were subjected to bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and/ or bone marrow biopsy (BMB) after obtaining the written consent. BMA smears were stained with Leishman's and Perl's routinely and with special stains like Periodic acid-Schiff and myeloperoxidase wherever required. Specimen obtained

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