Medicinal plants are being used since ancient times in different tribes in India for numerous medicinal purposes. The essential facets of plant-based medicines, such as safety, quality, and efficiency, must be evaluated. Couroupita guianensis is a medicinally important plant, being used conventionally for curing varieties of medical ailments. From the safety point of view, limited information exists for the C. guianensis plant. Considering the facts mentioned above, this study evaluates the genotoxic potential of ethanolic leaf extract of C. guianensis, through an in vivo micronucleus test , which was conducted on mice (Strain: Hsd: ICR (CD1)). The main study consisted of three groups (5 male mice per group): vehicle control (corn oil), a treatment group (2000 mg/kg body weight), and positive control (Mitomycin-C, 1.0 mg/kg body weight). The methodology followed was the standard in vivo procedure as per the internationally approved OECD TG 474 guidelines with a two-day dosing schedule separated by 24 hours. Dose-volume used was 10 mL/kg body weight. Mice in each group exhibited normal behavior and were found clinically normal after dosing. Toxicity to bone marrow, as well as any statistically significant rise in the percent micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (% MNPCE), was not detected in mice that were treated with C. guianensis at 2000 mg/kg body weight when compared with the data of concurrent vehicle control. Statistically, a significant rise in the % MNPCE was obtained in mice treated with Mitomycin-C (1.0 mg/kg body weight), which confirmed the test system's suitability, the procedures, and efficiency of conditions employed in the test. Our study concluded that the plant is not showing any genotoxicity and can be used as a medicine to cure various reported ailments.

India has a golden resource and well-recorded traditionally practised incomparable awareness of herbal medicine. Not all herbals are considered safe as minimal data is available concerning the safety of Couroupita guianensis to cause mutations. Considering the enormous therapeutic potential and the absence of specific safety data, we planned this research to provide data on the mutagenic potential of Couroupita guianensis. Therefore, the present study was conducted with ethanolic extract of leaves of Couroupita guianensis using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1537, TA1535, TA98, TA100, and TA102 at different concentrations (viz., 156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500, and 5000 μg/plate) along with the negative control and respective positive controls. The methodology followed was the standard plate incorporation method as per the internationally approved OECD TG 471 guidelines. The study was performed with and without S9 mix using the plate incorporation method. Results were evaluated after meeting the acceptance criteria for the study. The extracts did not show mutagenicity when compared to the negative control (spontaneous mutation) and respective positive controls. There was no concentration-response increase of revertant colonies in treatments from any strain. This is the first of its kind of research having been conducted following all the internationally set guidelines and evidenced the safety of the plant material. Therefore, it is concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Couroupita guianensis did not show mutagenic potential in bacterial reverse mutation test with and without S9 mix.