Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) triggers an excessive reaction of free-radicals. It increases reactive oxygen species and reduces antioxidants status as well as the β cell damage. Clear kefir was used for DM therapies, however it limited biomolecular exploration of its bioactive roles. Research aimed to investigate the effects of clear kefir on the biomolecular nature of the glycemic status of T2DM in Bandung. Methods: The randomized pretest-posttest control group was conducted by 106 T2DM patients. Research was done in several hospitals in Bandung and Cimahi, West Java from 2012–2013. Samples were divided randomly into three groups: (1) T2DM with HbA1c < 7 was fed a standard diet, supplemented with 200 ml/day of clear kefir, (2) T2DM with HbA1c > 7 fed standard diet and supplemented 200 ml/day by clear kefir, (3) T2DM with HbA1c was fed a standard diet as a control group. Dose response was obtained from a preeliminary vivo study, and then converted to human dosage by year 2011. Intervention was effectively done for 30 days. HbA1c was measured by HPLC. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and Postprandial blood glucose levels (PBG) were measured by enzymes levels. C Peptide and insulin were measured by Elisa. Data was analyzed by a statictics programme by significance p<0,05. Study was approved by ethic committee. Results : HbA1c was significantly reduced in delta level (p<0.01) and FBG (p<0.015) among kefir groups. PBG was not significantly reduced among groups. C-Peptide was significantly increased in delta level, except in control group (p<0.014). Insulin was reduced significantly, except in control group (p<0.003).Conclusions : Supplementation of clear kefir reduced blood glucose levels (HbA1c, FBG, PBG) and increased c-peptide. Clear kefir’s biomolecular mechanisms and chemistry characterization is a challenge for future studies.Keywords : Diabetes melitus, hyperglicemia, clear kefir, insulin, c peptide

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is structural damage and function of the kidneys that cannot excrete toxins and waste products from the blood, characterized by the presence of protein in the urine and decreased glomerulus filtration rate. This study aimed to determine the correlation between Galectin-3 and markers of kidney function which are creatinine and uric acid. This study was being concluded on 33 CRF patients who were doing hemodialysis therapy. This study was conducted in the Dr. Kariadi Semarang Hospital and GAKI Laboratory of Diponegoro Medical Faculty from April to June 2018. The research method was analytical descriptive with cross-sectional approach. Galectin-3 was analyzed using ELISA method with an automatic analyzer, creatinine and uric acid using the colorimetric method with an automatic spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis used Shaphiro-Wilk normality test and Spearman correlation test. There is a weak positive correlation test of galectin-3 with creatinine (r = 0.381; p = 0.029) and galectin-3 with uric acid (r = 0.374; p = 0.048) in CRF – HD. It is concluded galectin-3 can be used as a marker of kidney function.