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Purpose Although there is a common agreement that children participate and impact parental purchase decisions, the research results are rather inconsistent. One of the reasons for the differences in the findings could be attributable to different operationalisations of a child engagement variable in surveys. This study aims to classify the instruments used to measure children engagement in parental purchase decisions and to develop a typology of these instruments. Design/methodology/approach In total, 67 articles that reported details and results of the surveys where a variable of children engagement in family decisions was operationalised were selected on a systematic basis. In total, 82 measures were extracted, reviewed and assigned to the particular category. Findings The typology of measures of children engagement into parental purchase decisions was developed. The features of particular measures, as well as their applicability for different types of child engagement measurement, are discussed. Research limitations/implications The sample of articles was limited to nine major scholarly databases and framed for 1985-2015, excluding conference presentations, dissertations, studies and other types of primary research publications. Practical implications The analysis demonstrates that authors who had seemingly similar or the same purpose of measuring variable of child engagement into parental purchase decision in fact have used different measures. The differences in measures tend to produce different size of engagement effect. The proposed typology will support scholarly community in establishing more clear definitions and measures of children engagement in parental purchase decision domain. Originality/value The typology of measures of children engagement into parental purchase decision is the first attempt to introduce systematised approach toward different domains within the field and their measurement.

In countries where no incentives for recycling prevail, individual recycling is grounded on citizens' consciousness and everyday efforts. Governmental actions can be effective only after understanding factors for recycling behaviour, and fostering them. Since the primary target group of recycling in Lithuania are urban inhabitants, it is important to determine what sub-segments of this group are the most likely to become innovators and early adopters in the field, and to identify what are the most important predictors of their recycling intentions. The aim of the study was to determine how values affect attitude elements towards recycling and what attitude elements and (or) recent recycling behaviour are the most important predictors of intentions to recycle; and to investigate what demographic groups among Lithuanian urban inhabitants are the most likely to be engaged in recycling. Survey using an instrument that allowed determining values, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, actual level of recycling, and link them to the intentions to recycle was performed among urban Lithuanian inhabitants. Results suggest two main strategies for social change managers: informing consumers to increase favourable attitudes towards recycling, and inducing recycling habit. The efforts should be primarily targeted towards educated people over 35, irrespective of gender.

Purpose -There is common agreement that children's infl uence on parents to purchase products depends on the product category (products for a child vs. products for the family; minor everyday purchases vs. shopping goods). However, purchasing an innovative product in the presence of an adolescent, compared to the purchase of traditional products, creates a special context in which an adolescent might be considered a substantial source of expertise with diverse levels of impact on parents. The current research aims to demonstrate the magnitude of adolescents' impact on parents when purchasing innovative products, and to cluster the products based on the size of the impact and the level of the perceived innovativeness. Specifi c characteristics of clusters and the implications for marketers are discussed.Design/Methodology/Approach -An Internet panel was used to survey parents and adolescents from Lithuania on their assessment of the level of innovativeness and the level of children's infl uence on the purchasing 14 product groups. Within each group, an innovative product preselected on the basis of qualitative interviews was paired with the usual product in the category. SažetakSvrha -Uobičajeno je mišljenje da utjecaj djece na roditelje u kupovini proizvoda ovisi o kategoriji proizvoda (proizvod za dijete u odnosu na proizvod za obitelj; manje svakodnevne u odnosu na kupovinu trajnih proizvoda). No kupovina inovativnog proizvoda u prisutnosti adolescenta, u usporedbi s kupovinom tradicionalnog proizvoda, stvara poseban kontekst gdje adolescent može biti smatran značajnim izvorom stručnosti s različitim razinama utjecaja na roditelje. Cilj istraživanja jest pokazati intenzitet adolescentskog utjecaja na roditelje pri kupovini inovativnih proizvoda i grupirati proizvode na temelju veličine utjecaja i razine percipirane inovativnosti. Razmatraju se specifi čne značajke grupa proizvoda i implikacije za marketinške stručnjake.Metodološki pristup -Primjenom internetskog panela, ispitivani su roditelji i adolescenti iz Litve u vezi s vlastitom procjenom razine inovativnosti i utjecaja djece na kupovinu 14 grupa proizvoda. Unutar svake grupe, inovativni je proizvod prethodno odabran na temelju kvalitativnih intervjua, uparen s uobičajenim proizvodom iz iste kategorije. Potom su proizvodi grupirani prema razini inovativnosti i adolescentskog utjecaja na roditelje. 24Vol. 30, No. 1, 2018, pp. 23-39 Later, the products were clustered by the level of innovativeness and the adolescents' impact on parents.Findings and implications -The products were clustered to demonstrate important implications for marketers, namely, where the infl uence of adolescents on parental purchase decisions is stronger and where it is weaker.Limitations -An examination of selected products shows the interrelationships between their perceived innovativeness and the impact of adolescents on their parents' purchase; however, the fi ndings could be tested on a larger range of products. The innovativeness of the particular product is time an...

The article concentrates on the delineation between children’s participation and children’s influence in a family purchasing process. Lack of clarity between the two concepts results in misconceptions, inconsistencies, or even conflicting findings across studies. This study addresses the issue from theoretical and methodological perspectives. Taking into account the importance of children’s participation as a necessary, but not sufficient, pre-condition to demonstrate the influence, the study delineates the two variables and specifies the differences between them. This is supported with the development and validation of an alternative scale that directly measures children’s influence. Further analysis allows justification of the new scale and shows a theoretically supported difference between the measurements of children’s participation and influence in family-buying decision. The fact of making clear distinction between participation and influence leads to the enriched theoretical and methodological knowledge in the field and provides important managerial implications both in the family purchasing context and in other types of group interactions.