Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), is prevalent in all geographic locations. Its prevalence rises gradually with age. CMV infects between 50 and 85% of American adults by 40 years of age (33). In pregnant Japanese women, the prevalence was 68% in women under 25 and 86% in women over 40 (21). CMV can be acquired congenitally, by close interpersonal contact (sexual or nonsexual), by transfusion, and by transplantation. A recent Japanese study demonstrated an increased seroprevalence in children enrolled in day care (14).Primary CMV infections are usually mild in children and adults. However, congenital infections often lead to major morbidity (38). Reactivation CMV disease is common in immunocompromised populations. In the absence of suppressive therapy, CMV causes reactivation disease in over half of patients who receive solid organ transplants (33). A Japanese series identified CMV as the most prevalent infection in AIDS patients, found in 74% at autopsy (22). CMV retinitis in AIDS patients often leads to blindness.There is no approved human CMV vaccine. Human vaccines could theoretically be targeted to the prevention of horizontal or vertical infection (31), to the reduction of disease after primary infection, or to the prevention of reactivation disease in persons with latent CMV infection. A vaccine to prevent reactivation disease could be administered selectively to identified high risk groups including transplant recipients and persons Nasal Peptide Vaccination Elicits

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