Hyperspectral imaging is a multidimensional optical technique with the potential of providing fast and accurate tissue classification. The main challenge is the adequate processing of the multidimensional information usually linked to long processing times and significant computational costs, which require expensive hardware. In this study, we address the problem of tissue classification for intraoperative hyperspectral images of in vivo brain tissue. For this goal, two methodologies are introduced that rely on a blind linear unmixing (BLU) scheme for practical tissue classification. Both methodologies identify the characteristic end-members related to the studied tissue classes by BLU from a training dataset and classify the pixels by a minimum distance approach. The proposed methodologies are compared with a machine learning method based on a supervised support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The methodologies based on BLU achieve speedup factors of ~459× and ~429× compared to the SVM scheme, while keeping constant and even slightly improving the classification performance.

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Hyperspectral imaging has demonstrated its potential to provide information of the chemical composition of tissue and also of its morphological characteristics. However, discerning the presence of a pathology through this information is not a simple task. Because of this, a hybrid methodology is proposed in this work, which combines the identification of characteristic components present in a hyperspectral image from linear unmixing methods, and the ability to distinguish patterns from a neural network. The results of this research show that the proposed method can distinguish a tumor condition from histological brain samples with an average accuracy of 86%. The study demonstrates the potential of hybrid classification methodologies in the analysis of spectral information for the identification of histological samples affected by tumor tissue.