Twenty‐one oligosaccharides of human milk were quantified by high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography. Milk samples were collected from 18 mothers during the first 3 mo of lactation. The data show that the highest amount of all oligosaccharides is present at day 4 postpartum (20 g l−1) and then decreases by about 20% at day 30 of lactation. The protective role played by these substances against different infectious agents, in different organs and systems of the breastfed baby, is emphasized.

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The prevalence of symptoms indicative of HVS in an unselected population of adolescents was relatively high. Symptoms were more common in girls and in subjects with asthma, and there was a significant effect of asthma activity on the probability of suffering from HVS. Further studies need to be performed in order to validate a screening tool for HVS in both adolescents and asthmatic subjects.