Objective: Interest in low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) for the symptomatic treatment of nonmalignant conditions, including inflammatory and degenerative disorders of the joints and para-articular soft tissues, has increased substantially in recent years. In the present document, we provide a CT-based contouring atlas to help identify and delineate the most common osteoarticular regions susceptible to LD-RT. Methods: The clinical efficacy of LD-RT is supported by a large body of evidence. However, there is no consensus on the parameters for contouring the planning target volume (PTV). Moreover, 3D simulation and planning should be the standard of care even for nonmalignant disorders. For this reason, the present guidelines were prepared to help guide PTV contouring based on CT images, with the same quality criteria for patient immobilization, treatment simulation, planning and delivery as those routinely applied for cancer radiotherapy. Results: PTV for radiotherapy requires precise identification of the target areas based on CT and other imaging techniques. Using a series of cases treated at our institution, we have defined the PTVs for each location on the simulation CT to establish the relationship between the image and the anatomical structures to be treated. We also specify the immobilization systems used to ensure treatment accuracy and reproducibility. Conclusions: This comprehensive atlas based on CT images may be of value to radiation oncologists who wish to use LD-RT for the symptomatic treatment of degenerative or inflammatory osteoarticular diseases. Advances in knowledge: The recommendations and contouring atlas described in this article provide an eminently practical tool for LD-RT in non-malignant conditions, based on the same quality criteria recommended for all modern radiotherapy treatments in Spain.

Aim: To compare and analyze dose constraints and target coverage results and to reduce Bladder Wall (B wall ) V 18.12 for prostate Stereotactic-Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) when Seminal Vesicles (SSVV) are included or not. Several indicators based on intersection volumes are obtained to predict constraint fulfillment. Background: Due to prostate's low alpha-beta ratio and the possibility of increasing the therapeutic ratio several moderate and extreme hypofractionation schemes have been proposed. The scheme selected was a fivefraction urethra-sparing prostate SBRT. Materials and Methods: 150 patients divided into two groups according to the inclusion of SSVV in PTV or not were analyzed. Histograms, average values, standard deviations and degrees of fulfillment were obtained for each constraint or goal and group. A possible reduction of the B wall V 18.12 was addressed by re-optimizing fifty randomly chosen patients. Predictors of constraint fulfilling were obtained by using the intersections of B wall and Rectum Wall (R wall ) with the PTV. Results: Significant differences in R wall V 32.62 and V 29 were obtained when evaluating the influence of SSVV inclusion. A reduction of 12% in the B wall V 18.12 constraint was achieved without compromising coverage and OARs doses. No dependence on the inclusion of SSVV was found. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences have been found in R wall intermediate-dose constraint when SSVV was included. A reduction of 12% in the B wall V 18.12 constraint has been achieved without compromising the PTV coverage and the rest of OARs constraints. Constraint fulfillment predictors could be useful to evaluate the feasibility of prostate SBRT prior to the planning process for every single patient.

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Los estudios constatan el papel de la rumia depresiva como un amplificador del estado de ánimo negativo, sin embargo, se conoce menos sobre la rumia relacionada con el afecto positivo. Presentamos la validez de constructo y propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario “Respuestas al afecto positivo” (RAP) en una muestra de 302 personas de la población general (55,2% mujeres), con edades entre los 18 y 68 años (M= 28,6; DT= 12,0). Los análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio indican una estructura de dos factores: rumia positiva centrada en la emoción y en la persona (α= 0,88) y amortiguación (α= 0,83), ambos con una adecuada invarianza configural, métrica y escalar por sexo. Los dos factores presentan una adecuada validez convergente, discriminante e incremental con constructos relacionados con el afecto negativo y positivo. Los resultados se discuten atendiendo a los estudios revisados y se propone el RAP como instrumento de evaluación en procedimientos terapéuticos que tratan de potenciar el afecto positivo y el bienestar psicológico.

Previous studies confirm the role of depressive rumination in the exacerbation of negative mood. However, less is known about rumination in relation to positive affect. We present the construct validity and psychometric properties of the Responses to Positive Affect (RAP) questionnaire in a sample of 302 people from the general population (55.2% female), aged 18-68 years (M= 28.6, SD= 12.0). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate a two-factor structure: emotion- and person-centered positive rumination (α= .88) and buffering (α= .83), both with adequate configural, metric and scalar invariance by sex. The two factors present adequate convergent, discriminant and incremental validity with constructs related to negative and positive affect. The results are discussed according to the studies reviewed and the RAP is proposed as an assessment instrument in therapeutic procedures that seek to enhance positive affect and psychological well-being.