The article is devoted to the research of the development of motor skills of premature babies on the background of medical rehabilitation in an outpatient-polyclinic and the determination of the age standard (scale) for the development of motor skills of premature babies. The research includes 137 premature babies with the gestational age from 26 to 37 weeks, birth weight from 800 to 2600 grams. The main group of the research consisted of 117 premature babies who had already took a part in the early and complex rehabilitation, the control group which consisted 20 children who were included in the research because of a history of prematurity and who applied to the rehabilitation department with already established disabilities (the health status of premature babies in the control group was studied retrospectively). Premature babies in the control group began medical rehabilitation after 6 or more months of life and did not receive it in full. The assessment of the motor skills of premature babies was carried out in dynamics on the monthly basis. Of the 117 premature babies of the main group 2.5% had motor disorders that led to disability, the premature babies of the control group reached disability in 100% of cases. The research of motor development of premature babies revealed that with a delay in applying for medical rehabilitation, even for one day, the integrated indicator of the relative deviation of actual skills development from the standard increases by 0.9%.
1 ГБоу ВПо «санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» минздрава России; 2 сПб ГБуЗ «Городская поликлиника № 106» Поступила в редакцию: 22.03.2016 Принята к печати: 05.06.2016Резюме. В течение последних пяти лет отмечается увеличение количества недоношенных детей, родившихся со сро-ком гестации от 26 недель и весом от 800 г, с тяжелой сочетанной патологией, поступающих после первого этапа вы-хаживания в поликлинику по месту жительства на педиатрический участок. Возникает много вопросов, с чего и как начинать реабилитацию данного ребенка. Анализируя развитие недоношенных детей, мы видим, что необходим комплексный подход к реабилитации таких детей. Учитывая, что детская поликлиника наблюдает детей до 18 лет, имеется возможность наблюдения и оказания помощи данной категории детей длительный период. Крайне важно также осознавать, что без надлежащей помощи негативные последствия для недоношенных детей становятся необ-ратимыми. Рождение недоношенного ребенка является тяжелым психологическим стрессом для обоих родителей. Часто не вполне осознавая этого, семья начинает жить в условиях повышенной эмоциональной нагрузки, оставаясь наедине со своей проблемой в течение длительного периода времени. Именно поэтому в отделении медицинской реабилитации должны работать с родителями недоношенного ребенка для того, чтобы помочь им адаптироваться к новым условиям жизни. Задачу дифференцированной медико-психологической реабилитации может выполнить районная поликлиника, в которой ребенок будет наблюдаться до 18 лет. В статье рассматриваются особенности со-временной реабилитации недоношенных детей в условиях амбулаторно-поликлинической службы.Ключевые слова: недоношенные дети; дети-инвалиды; реабилитация; реабилитационные учреждения. Abstract. During last five years there was increasing preterm infants, these children were born with a gestational age of 26 weeks and weighing 800 g, with severe combined pathology. Preterm infants came to the nearest polyclinics after the first stage of rehabilitation in hospitals. There are many questions how and when specialists should begin rehabilitation of such children. Specialists observes that is required an integrated approach to the rehabilitation of premature babies by analyzing the development of these children. Considering that children's polyclinic allows monitoring children till 18 years of age, there is a possibility of observing and assisting these children during longer period. It is also very essential to realize that without an adequate intensive nursery care the negative consequences become irreversible for premature infants. Birth of a premature infant is a severe psychological stress for both parents. Often without completely realizing it, the family begins to live in conditions of high emotional stress. The department of medical rehabilitation must operate with the parents of a premature baby, in ABOUT THE SYSTEM OF REHABIL ITATION OF PRETERM INFANTS
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