Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. This paper adds to the small literature on the consequences of education-occupation mismatches. It examines the income penalty for field of education-occupation mismatches for men and women with higher education in Sweden and reveals that the penalty for such mismatches is large for both men and women. In fact, it is substantially larger than has been found for the US. Controlling for cognitive ability further establishes that the income penalty is not caused by a sorting by ability, at least for Swedish men. The income penalty for men decreases with work experience which is an indication that education-specific skills and work experience are substitutes to some extent. There is no evidence, though, that the mismatched individuals move to a matching occupation over time. Thus, for some, the income penalty seems to be permanent.JEL Classification: I21, J24, J31

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

[spa] Desocupación de los jóvenes y funcionamiento del mercado laboral : el caso francés y el sueco - En Francia como en Suecia, el desempleo de los jóvenes de menos de 25 años aumentó como consecuencia de los choques macroeconómicos de los años setenta y ochenta. No obstante, este choque ha sido mucho más fuerte en Francia y ha sido frenado más tardíamente. En 1973, la tasa de desempleo era similar en los dos países, en 1990, por el contrario, la misma es cuatro veces mâs elevada en Francia que en Suecia. Además, se trata, más frecuentemente, de un desempleo de larga duración. . En ambos países los poderes públicos implementaron medidas específicas. En primer lugar, Suecia puso en práctica un conjunto de medidas tradicionales de política laboral (períodos de prácticas y capacitación y empleos temporarios). Luego, applicó medidas especiales de inserción de los jóvenes de menos de 20 años. En Francia tales . medidas se tomaron tarde pero finalmente con una amplitud considerable. Algunas, tales como la reducciôn de las cotizaciones sociales, los perfodos de prácticas y capacitación en las empresas y los contratos de duración determinada se extendieron beneficiando así a un 20% de la población activa de menos de 25 años. De este modo, la diferencia fundamental entre los dos países reside en el hecho que la política del empleo orientada hacia los jóvenes se hizo permanente en Francia mientras que en Suecia volvió al nivel que tenía hace 15 años (concerniendo a alrededor de un 4% de la población joven activa). Se puede observar que tanto Francia como Suecia lograron, mediante un costo creciente, evitar el deterioro del ajuste entre la oferta y la demanda de empleo en el mercado laboral de los jóvenes. [eng] Youth Unemployment and Labour Market Regime: The Case of France and Sweden - In France, like in Sweden, the unemployment of youth (under 25 years) increased after the macroeconomic shocks of the seventies and eighties. But the increase was much higher in France and was contained later than in Sweden. While in 1973 the unemployment rate of young people was identical in the two countries, in 1990 it was four times higher in France. In addition, it is much more often a long-term unemployment in that country. . In the two countries, the government has set up specific measures for youth. Sweden first resorted to its traditional panoply of labour market policy measures (i.e. training measures and temporary jobs), but then developed special measures to help youth under 20 find a job. In France, such measures were taken later, but eventually on an even larger scale. Reductions in social security contributions, training within firms and temporary jobs finally reached more than 20% of the youth labour force. The main difference is that the labour market policy for youth has become permanent in France, whereas in Sweden it was able to return to what it was fifteen years ago (i.e. affecting about 4% of the youth labour force). It seems, however, that France has succeeded, like Sweden, though at an increasing labour market poli...