Normal aging is associated with variable declines in perception and cognition, which may be mediated through active engagement in certain lifestyle activities. The aim of this review was to discuss the relationship between cognitive functioning in older adulthood and participation in various types of physical exercise and sportsplaying activities. Most studies have focused on the beneficial effects of relatively nonspecific forms of aerobic physical activity, although some emerging evidence has suggested that more specific forms of sports-playing activities may confer greater cognitive benefit in specific areas of cognitive functioning. The evidence reviewed suggests the potential for simple lifestyle-related behaviors to mediate the cognitive decline often found in older adults, and to enhance the aging brain's cognitive reserve. However, more work is needed in order to ascertain the variable outcomes of exercise type, duration, and frequency, and the cognitive effects of various sports activities.

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Usability and typing performance on a smartphone with two unique QWERTY keyboard layouts (standard vs. curved) on two phone sizes (4.0-inch vs. 5.5-inch displays) was investigated in this study. The effect of hand posture was also investigated (one- vs. two-thumbs). Results show users typed the slowest when using one thumb with the curved keyboard on the small phone (15 WPM), and the fastest when using two thumbs with the standard keyboard on the large phone (24 WPM). Typing performance with the curved keyboard on the large phone size (19 WPM) did not differ between typing with one thumb using the standard keyboard on the large or small phone, or with two thumbs using the standard keyboard on the small phone. Error rates were higher when using the curved keyboard, regardless of phone size. Subjectively, the curved keyboard was rated inferior for both phone sizes in comparison to the standard layout.

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