O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o arranjo e distribuição da composição herbácea halófila psamófila em uma área de dunas, com o intuito de destacar a diversidade de espécies e assim contribuir para a conservação da vegetação de dunas. Foi realizada uma análise fitossociológica do estrato herbáceo no período de agosto de 2017 a julho de 2018, no trecho de dunas próximo à faixa da praia de São Marcos. Foram distribuídas, ao longo da área, 50 parcelas de 1m² e foram calculados os parâmetros estruturais para as espécies, além do índice de diversidade de Shannon. Como critério de inclusão para o componente herbáceo foram consideradas as espécies que não apresentaram lignificação em toda sua extensão. Foram identificadas 41 espécies, em 34 gêneros, pertencentes a 18 famílias. As espécies que apresentaram maior Valor de Importância foram Paspalum maritimum, Centrosema brasilianum, Crotalaria retusa, Chamaecrista hispidula e Turnera subulata. Os índices de Shannon (H’) quando calculado com os valores da cobertura foi: H’c =1,58 nats m² e com os valores de frequência foi H’f =3;12 nats m². As espécies que mais se destacaram na área são comuns de ambientes antropizados e apresentam atributos favoráveis aos fatores limitantes encontrados em áreas de dunas.PHYSIOCHLOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HALOPHILPSAMOPHYL COMPONENT IN A AREA OF DUNAS, SÃO LUIS, MARANHÃO STATE, BRAZILABSTRACTThe objective of present was study had as objective to analyze the arrangement and distribution of the psamophilic herbaceous composition in an area of dunes near the beach line, with the intention of highlighting the diversity of species and thus contributing to the conservation of dune vegetation. A phytosociological analysis of the herbaceous stratum was carried out from August 2017 to July 2018, in the dune stretch near the São Marcos beach strip, municipality of São Luís. A total of 50m2 plots were distributed and the structural parameters randomly for the species and the Shannon diversity index. As inclusion criterion for the herbaceous component, we considered the species are not lignificated along the stem extension. A total of 41 species, 34 genera and 18families were found in the survey area. The species that presented the highest Importance Value were Paspalum maritimum, Centrosema brasilianum, Crotalaria retusa, Chamaecrista hispidula and Turnera subulata. The Shannon indices (H’) when calculated with the coverage values were: H’c =1,58 nats.m-² and with the frequency values of H’f =3;12 nats.m-². The most prominent species in the area are common in anthropic environments and present morphological attributes favorable to common limiting factors in dune areas.Keywords: Anthropisation; Environmental parameters; Herbaceous; Restinga; Conservation.
Este estudo teve por objetivo registrar a flora do componente herbáceo da restinga da Praia do Caúra, apontando a riqueza, formas de vida e trazendo contribuições para o conhecimento florístico do litoral maranhense. O estudo foi desenvolvido na restinga da Praia do Caúra (02º33’14,20’’S, 44º02’13,99’’W), São José de Ribamar. Foram realizadas coletas mensais, do estrato herbáceo, entre 2015 a 2017, por meio de buscas exploratórias nos diferentes trechos darestinga. Foram identificadas 85 espécies, 68 gêneros e 28 famílias. As famílias mais representativas foram Fabaceae, com 16 espécies e Cyperaceae, com 12 espécies, seguido de Poaceae (9 spp), Asteraceae (6 spp), Euphorbiaceae e Passifloraceae, com 5 espécies, cada. A espécie Passiflora porophylla foi registrada pela primeira vez para o Maranhão. Foram identificados seis tipos de formas de vida (Caméfitos, Geófitos, Hemicriptófito, Holoparasita,Terófito e Trepadeira). Por fim, a riqueza registrada na área reforça a necessidade de manutenção da vegetação de restinga diante da perda da flora que vem acontecendo no local.Palavras-chave: Riqueza de espécies; Formas de vida; Costa maranhense; Nordeste. ABSTRACTThis paper aimed to record the flora of the herbaceous component of Praia do Caúra restinga, pointing out the richness, life-forms, and bringing contributions to the floristic knowledge of the coast of Maranhão state. The study was carried out in the Praia do Caúra restinga (02º33’14.20’’S, 44º02’13.99’’W), in the municipality of São José de Ribamar. Monthly collections of herbaceous strata were carried out between 2015 to 2017, through exploratory walks in the different stretches of the restinga. In the study area, 85 species, 68 genera and 28 families were identified. The most representative families were Fabaceae, with 16 species, and Cyperaceae, with 12 species, Poaceae (9 spp), Asteraceae (6 spp), Euphorbiaceae, and Passifloraceae, with 5 species, each. Passiflora porophylla was registered for the first time in Maranhão state. There were identified six types of life forms (chamaephytes, geophytes, Hemicryptophyte, Holoparasite, Terophyte and Vine. Therefore, the high number of speciesrecorded in the area reinforces the need to maintain restinga vegetation because of the loss of flora that has been happening in the area.Keywords: Species richness; Life-forms; Coast Maranhão; Northeast.
O Brasil apresenta uma imensa extensão territorial e grande faixa litorânea, com vegetação de dunas e restingas observadas ao longo da costa do país. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento fitossociológico da vegetação herbácea das dunas da Ilha de Curupu, município de Raposa/MA, com o intuito de contribuir para a conservação da vegetação de dunas e ampliar as informações sobre a comunidade herbácea no Estado do Maranhão. Para o levantamento fitossociológico foi utilizado o método de parcelas 1x1m, sendo alocadas 50 parcelas. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros fitossociológicos: cobertura, frequência relativa, valor de importância, índice de diversidade de Shannon (H´c), equabilidade de Pielou (J´c) e riqueza total. Foram encontradas 25 espécies, distribuídas em 11 famílias. Com maior VI: Ipomoea pes-caprae (52,88%), Sporobolus virginicus (27,61%), Turnera pumilea (14,25%) e Cenchrus echinatus (11,28%). Os valores de diversidade foram: H'c de 2,47 nats/m² e de equabilidade J'c de 0,74. Apesar do estrato herbáceo das dunas de Curupu apresentar semelhança com outras áreas de dunas do Maranhão, essa composição contribui para a diversidade herbácea local.Palavras-chave: diversidade, restinga, arranjo estrutural. Phytosociological description of the herbaceous community of the dunes Curupu, Raposa, Maranhão state A B S T R A C TBrazil has a large territorial extension and immense coastal strip, with vegetation of dunes and restingas observed along the coast of the country. The present study aimed to carry out a phytosociological survey of the herbaceous vegetation of the dunes of Ilha de Curupu, municipality of Raposa /MA to contribute to the conservation of dune vegetation and to expand information on the herbaceous community for Maranhão state. For the phytosociological survey, the method of plots1x1m was used, 50 installments being allocated. The following phytosociological parameters were used: coverage, relative frequency, and importance value, diversity measures: Shannon diversity index (H´c), Pielou equability (J´c), and total richness. We found 25 species, distributed in 11 families. Ipomoea pes-caprae (52.88%), Sporobolus virginicus (27.61%), Turnera pumilea (14.25%), and Cenchrus echinatus (11.28%) are more representative in the area. The diversity values were H'c of 2.47 nats/m² and the equability J'c of 0.74. Although the herbaceous layer of the Curupu dunes is similar to other dune areas in Maranhão, this composition contributes to the local herbaceous diversity.
The urbanization is a factor that directly affects the structure of vegetation, which makes it essential studies aimed at conserving the biodiversity of these environments. This study aimed to describe the structure of the vegetation and identify the predominant species in order to record the herbaceous composition in non-urbanized and urbanized dune areas, analyzing the diversity of and richness of the dunes of Maranhão Island. The study was conducted in six dunes in which were allocated 150 plots in non-urbanized and 150 plots in urbanized dunes. We counted all the herbs in each plot (1 m 2 ), recording data on richness, diversity and vegetation cover. To evaluate the difference in the composition of the areas, the following tests were used: Shapiro-Wilk W test (data distribution), Student t test (species richness) and Hutcheson t test (diversity comparison). NMDS showed that the urbanized and nonurbanized dunes presented distinct species compositions and densities; ANOSIM and the INDVAL test revealed a signi cant correlation between dunes and plots. We recorded 3,643 individuals: of this total, 2,075 individuals in urbanized dunes and 1,568 individuals in non-urbanized dunes; we found 91 species, 59 genera and 27 families. Richness was higher in urbanized areas; however, non-urbanized areas showed greater diversity and uniformity. The oristic composition of the areas differed, according to the species indicator, showing 19 typical urbanized dune species and 9 non-urbanized dune species. The diversity of the herbaceous vegetation provide important data that can be used to guide research on conservation and management of dune areas.
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